A cytochrome P450 G subfamily member, CYP4G35, is highly expressed in antennae and modulates olfactory response in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Sharma, A.; Nuss, A.; Cruz, O. G.; Arshad, F.; Reyes, J.; Mathew, M.; MacLean, M.; Young, S.; Hu, R.; Beniwal, S.; Tittiger, C.; Blomquist, G.; Pham, M.; Petereit, J.; Mathew, D.; Harrell, R.; Gulia-Nuss, M.

doi:10.1101/2025.11.13.688110

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2025.11.13.688110

A cytochrome P450 G subfamily member, CYP4G35, is highly expressed in antennae and modulates olfactory response in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Sharma, A.·Nuss, A.·Cruz, O. G.·Arshad, F.·Reyes, J.·Mathew, M.·MacLean, M.·Young, S.·Hu, R.·Beniwal, S.·Tittiger, C.·Blomquist, G.·Pham, M.·Petereit, J.·Mathew, D.·Harrell, R.·Gulia-Nuss, M.

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Abstract

The cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP4G subfamily are some of the most enigmatic insect P450s. The dipterans with sequenced genomes have two CYP4G paralogs. In Drosophila melanogaster, CYP4G1 is highly expressed in the oenocytes and catalyzes the last enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons. In contrast, CYP4G15 is expressed in the brain glial cells, but its function is unknown. The Aedes aegypti genome encodes two CYP4Gs: CYP4G36 (ortholog of DmCYP4G1) and CYP4G35 (ortholog of DmCYP4G15). Here, we show that CYP4G35 is highly expressed in mosquito antennae, and the RNAi knockdown of CYP4G35 results in delayed host-seeking. Ae. aegypti CYP4G knockout lines confirmed delayed host-seeking behavior in CYP4G35 knockout females. Proteomics analysis of CYP4G35 KO females also corroborates the physiological findings and shows upregulation of proteins related to olfaction and other CYP4Gs to compensate for the lack of CYP4G35. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to localize CYP4G35 and demonstrated its expression in the sensilla lymph of the antennae and the tip of the proboscis. CYP4G35 and CYP4G36 fusion proteins with cytochrome P450 reductase demonstrated that, unlike CYP4G36, CYP4G35 lacks an oxidative decarbonylase function. Together, our data support a novel function of CYP4G35 in modulating olfactory response.

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Sharma, A., Nuss, A., Cruz, O. G., Arshad, F., Reyes, J., Mathew, M., MacLean, M., Young, S., Hu, R., Beniwal, S., Tittiger, C., Blomquist, G., Pham, M., Petereit, J., Mathew, D., Harrell, R., Gulia-Nuss, M.. 2025-11-14. A cytochrome P450 G subfamily member, CYP4G35, is highly expressed in antennae and modulates olfactory response in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.13.688110

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