An Open, Fully-processed, Longitudinal Data Resource to Study Brain Development and Transdiagnostic Executive Function

Sevchik, B. L.; Shafiei, G.; Murtha, K.; Linguiti, S.; Brodrick, L.; Brook, J. B. H.; Cieslak, M.; Flook, E.; Mehta, K.; Meisler, S. L.; Ruparel, K.; Rush, S.; Salo, T.; Singleton, S. P.; Tong, T. T.; Salunke, M.; Bassett, D. S.; Calkins, M. E.; Elliott, M. A.; Gur, R. E.; Gur, R. C.; Moore, T. M.; Scott, J. C.; Shinohara, R. T.; Tisdall, M. D.; Wolf, D. H.; Roalf, D. R.; Satterthwaite, T. D.

doi:10.1101/2025.11.10.687633

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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2025.11.10.687633

An Open, Fully-processed, Longitudinal Data Resource to Study Brain Development and Transdiagnostic Executive Function

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Abstract

Executive function (EF) develops rapidly during adolescence. However, deficits in EF also emerge in adolescence, representing a transdiagnostic symptom associated with many forms of psychopathology. To promote transdiagnostic research on EF during development, we introduce a new data resource - the Penn Longitudinal Executive functioning in Adolescent Development study (Penn LEAD) - that combines longitudinal multimodal imaging data with rich clinical and cognitive phenotyping. These data include 225 imaging sessions from 132 individuals (8-16 years old at the time of enrollment) who are typically developing (27.3%), or meet criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (20.5%) or the psychosis-spectrum (52.3%). In addition to phenotypic data from multiple cognitive tasks focused on EF, the study includes data from structural MRI, diffusion MRI, n-back task fMRI, resting-state fMRI, and arterial spin-labeled MRI. Notably, all raw data, fully-processed derived data, and detailed quality control recommendations are publicly shared on OpenNeuro. We anticipate that such analysis-ready data will accelerate research on EF development in psychiatry.

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Sevchik, B. L., Shafiei, G., Murtha, K., Linguiti, S., Brodrick, L., Brook, J. B. H., Cieslak, M., Flook, E., Mehta, K., Meisler, S. L., Ruparel, K., Rush, S., Salo, T., Singleton, S. P., Tong, T. T., Salunke, M., Bassett, D. S., Calkins, M. E., Elliott, M. A., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Moore, T. M., Scott, J. C., Shinohara, R. T., Tisdall, M. D., Wolf, D. H., Roalf, D. R., Satterthwaite, T. D.. 2025-11-12. An Open, Fully-processed, Longitudinal Data Resource to Study Brain Development and Transdiagnostic Executive Function. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.10.687633

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