Lentivirus Transduced T Cell Lines Response to Pro-inflammatory and Antiviral Cytokines in the Presence of HIV

Abstract

Various studies have attempted to understand HIV infection under a diverse range of stimulants including cytokine stimulation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-, have been shown to reactivate HIV latency by inducing NF-{kappa}B mediated activation of the HIV LTR (long terminal repeats) that contain {kappa}B transcriptional binding sites. Interferon-alpha (IFN-), an anti-viral cytokine, is not well studied as an inducer of HIV activation. However, previous work from our group has shown that HIV can block IFN- signaling in CD4+ T cells presumably to allow for further viral replication. Initially using HEK 293T cells, we moved to CD4+ T cells lines to develop a system to determine how stimulation with different cytokines impacts signaling within T cell lines. We confirmed that in our system TNF- triggers activation of NF-{kappa}B driven reporters but not in the presence of HIV. In addition, we show that the presence of HIV blocks IFN- signaling. Taken together, our system demonstrates that HIV by TNF-, will continue to block IFN- signaling preventing it from impacting HIV activation. This system can now be used to screen for cytokine based and other molecule activators that may be influenced by the presence of HIV.