Biology subjects

Tong, Y.

Publications and source records attributed to Tong, Y..

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Physiological Oscillations of Lateral Ventricular Volume Revealed by Fast fMRI: Effects of Aging and Vigilance

Abstract Background: Cyclic ventricular deformation may contribute to CSF displacement. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying ventricular motion remain poorly understood. This study characterized physiological oscillations of lateral ventricular volume (LVV) and examined their associations with aging and vigilance. Methods: We analyzed two fast resting-state fMRI scans from 99 adults aged 35-82 years. The first scan was acquired during eyes-open wakefulness, followed by 30 min of eyes-closed rest and a second scan during eyes-closed drowsiness. LVV was estimated for each image volume using automated ventricular segmentation, yielding time-resolved volume measurements. Temporal variability was quantified using the standard deviation and coefficient of variation, and spectral power was quantified for low-frequency, respiratory, and cardiac oscillations. Age-related associations were assessed using multiple linear regression adjusted for sex. Awake-drowsy differences were assessed using paired t-tests. False discovery rate correction was applied for multiple comparisons in all analyses. Results: After quality-control exclusions, 97 participants were analyzed. LVV exhibited distinct low-frequency, respiratory, and cardiac oscillatory components. Respiratory and cardiac oscillations accounted for 37.7% and 38.4% of total physiological spectral power, respectively, compared with 23.9% for low-frequency oscillations. Mean lateral ventricular volume increased with age (FDR-adjusted p = 0.010), while respiratory and cardiac power also showed positive associations with age, although neither survived FDR correction (both FDR-adjusted p = 0.067). The transition to eyes-closed drowsiness was associated with greater LVV fluctuation magnitude, reflected by increases in standard deviation (FDR-adjusted p < 0.001) and coefficient of variation (FDR-adjusted p = 0.028) and accompanied by increased low-frequency (FDR-adjusted p < 0.001) and respiratory power (FDR-adjusted p = 0.015). Mean LVV and cardiac power did not change significantly between conditions. Conclusions: LVV exhibits prominent respiratory and cardiac oscillations in addition to low-frequency fluctuations, suggesting that ventricular dynamics reflect multiple physiological influences rather than a single dominant physiological driver. Aging was primarily associated with ventricular enlargement, whereas reduced vigilance was accompanied by increased LVV fluctuation magnitude, primarily reflected in increased low-frequency and respiratory power, without a change in mean LVV. Time-resolved LVV provides a complementary approach for investigating the physiological regulation of ventricular dynamics in health and disease. Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid; Lateral ventricular volume; Fast fMRI; Physiological oscillations; Cardiac pulsation; Respiration; Low-frequency oscillations; Aging; Vigilance

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2026

Whole Blood Deep Immunophenotyping and Platelet-Leukocyte Aggregate Quantification by Spectral Flow Cytometry

Platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) are a proposed interface between coagulation and immune regulation, but their distribution across leukocyte subsets beyond monocytes and neutrophils, and their behavior in acute disorders of immune regulation, such as sepsis and severe trauma, remain largely undefined. The study of thromboimmune mechanisms in these acute conditions has relied heavily on murine sepsis models, whose species differences in platelet and leukocyte biology limit translation to human disease. Direct measurement in human whole blood is needed yet reported PLA frequencies vary widely because quantification is highly sensitive to sample handling. Here we present a robust, minimally manipulative 27-color spectral flow cytometry protocol that allows simultaneous deep immunophenotyping and classification of PLAs across >40 leukocyte subpopulations. In healthy donors, PLA frequency ranged from 1.7% on memory CD4 T cells to over 50% on monocyte subsets, with monocytes contributing 25% of all PLAs. We also found novel platelet-binding leukocyte populations, including Th9 and Th22 CD4+ T cells. Optimization identified anticoagulant choice, centrifugation conditions, dilution, and sample processing time as key determinants of reproducible measurement; PLA quantification was validated by imaging flow cytometry. In a small validation cohort of sepsis and trauma patients, the assay recapitulated established immunophenotypic features of critical illness, including neutrophilia and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) expansion, and quantified PLAs within each subset. This protocol provides a reference framework for studying thromboinflammation and other dysregulated immune response diseases directly in human blood, and a foundation for further studies, defining the mechanisms and clinical relevance of platelet-leukocyte interactions in disease.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2026

Spatiotemporal characterization of corticolimbic dopamine and noradrenaline signaling and affective state modulation by mfb stimulation

Background: Deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (mfb DBS) is a promising intervention for psychiatric disorders, but the neurochemical mechanisms underlying its effects remain incompletely understood. Methods: In adult Sprague Dawley rats, fiber photometry was used to monitor mfb-DBS evoked dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA)-signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), following different stimulation patterns, laterality conditions, and prolonged stimulation paradigms. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were recorded in parallel as a behavioral measure. Results: Bilateral stimulation robustly increased catecholaminergic signals relative to sham in both NAc and PFC. The magnitude and temporal profile of these responses depended more on stimulation pattern rather than on laterality, with long pulse-width generally evoking the largest responses and laterality producing no significant differences across the four recording groups. During 10 min bilateral stimulation, catecholaminergic signals increased rapidly and remained elevated throughout stimulation, with the clearest sustained effect observed in NAc DA. mfb DBS also increased USV calls and peak frequencies, whereas these behavioral changes showed no consistent region-specific correlation with catecholaminergic signal magnitude. Conclusions: mfb DBS recruits catecholaminergic signaling in a parameter-dependent and region specific manner and increases positive-affective USV output. These findings identify temporal patterning as an important determinant of downstream circuit engagement, whereas the relationship between acute USV responses and regional catecholamine signaling appears more complex.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

Circulating apoB-containing lipoproteins constituted blood-borne innate immune barrier limits ZIKV dissemination and congenital infection risk

Following establishment of primary viremia, flaviviruses require prompt penetration through vascular endothelium to achieve systemic dissemination, yet most infections remain asymptomatic or self-limited. Canonical defenses, including complement and phagocyte clearance, cannot fully explain this containment, suggesting an additional blood-borne antiviral barrier. Here, we identify apoB containing lipoproteins as potent restriction factors against Zika virus (ZIKV), a devastating danger of global pregnancy. By displaying surface accessible phosphatidylserine (PS), they competitively occupy host PS receptors and block entry by viruses exploiting apoptotic mimicry, including flaviviruses, Ebola, and chikungunya virus. In vivo, increasing apoB lipoproteins enhances serum antiviral activity and limits systemic ZIKV dissemination. This barrier extends to the maternal fetal interface, where elevated maternal LDL attenuates vertical transmission and fetal abnormalities. Its efficacy is modulated by gestational fluctuations in maternal LDL level and low abundance in fetal circulating LDL. Collectively, apoB containing lipoproteins form a constitutive blood-borne innate immune barrier that restrains apoptotic-mimicry viruses during the intravascular phase, limits viral dissemination and reduces congenital infection risk. This study provides a rationale for developing diet augmentation strategy to strengthen this innate barrier in at-risk individuals.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2026

An electronically steerable epidural ultrasound interface for deep brain neuromodulation in freely moving rats

Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LI-FUS) clinical trials exploit either the neural activity modulating, or the blood-brain barrier opening, capacity of this stimulation modality. However, LI-FUS currently is applied only transcranially which means that it is conducive only for episodic and intermittent stimulation, although, clinical data shows that in numerous neurological and psychiatric applications, chronic and continuous stimulation is required for long-term, stable therapeutic effect. The paper presents experimental data on a novel and innovative approach describing an implantable, epidural focus ultrasound (eFUS) device, designed for continuous, chronic and multi-site steerable neuromodulation. The miniaturized eFUS device consists of a two-dimensional piezoelectric transducer array directly integrated onto a custom ASIC, specifically engineered for proof-of-principle neuromodulation studies in the rat brain. The system generates electronically steerable focused ultrasound with software-defined focal coordinates, sufficient to stimulate neuronal activity in deep brain structures. In vitro acoustic characterization confirmed accurate beam steering and focusing, while in vivo validation demonstrated reliable stimulation of a deep subcortical target with measurable physiological effects. eFUS-mediated targeting of the ventral tegmental area in awake and freely moving rats produced increase in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens as confirmed using fiber photometry recordings. Post-mortem histological analysis of the target regions showed the absence of inflammatory markers, although the epidural placement of the eFUS device was associated with mild tissue damage. Overall, the study provides in vitro data demonstrating the energy efficiency, and steerability of the technology, and in vivo physiological evidence of neuromodulatory ability of a deep, subcortical brain structure.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

ChlORIS: Chloroplast Orthologs Resource & Identification Suite

Chloroplast or plastid genomes are essential resources for studying the evolution and diversity of algae and land plants. Although thousands of plastid genomes have been sequenced, their full potential has not been realised; derived resources such as orthogroup databases and reference datasets for metagenomic profiling remain underdeveloped. We present the ChlORIS database to address these problems across all algal phyla. From 2,254 publicly available algal plastid genomes, after dereplication we clustered 2,531 orthogroups from the annotated proteins and selected 496 orthogroups with consistent gene naming, enabling cross-genome comparisons of homologous plastid proteins. We further selected 224 core orthogroups, each containing more than 10 protein sequences, for which we produced score-calibrated hidden Markov models (HMMs), multiple sequence alignments and predicted protein structures. The value of these resources for phylogenomics is demonstrated through a large-scale plastid phylogeny of 859 taxa spanning all major algal lineages. We characterised the protein HMMs by cross-referencing them to Pfam domains and calibrated score cutoffs for reliable detection. The metagenomic database, HMM library, nucleotide and amino acid alignments, predicted structures and protein metadata, cross-linked to UniProt and InterPro (Pfam), are openly available on the ChlORIS website at https://chloris.codeberg.page/.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2026

Manganese Ion Inhibits Influenza A Virus Replication by Targeting the PA Endonuclease

Influenza A virus remains a major global health threat, with rapid mutation and emerging drug resistance underscoring the urgent need for novel antivirals. Manganese ions (Mn2+) are known to enhance host antiviral immunity, but their direct effects on influenza virus replication remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that manganese chloride (MnCl2) potently inhibits the replication of both H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes in cultured cells at micromolar concentrations, with antiviral activity not shared by other divalent cations (Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+). Mechanistically, MnCl2 acts predominantly at post-entry stages, suppresses viral mRNA synthesis, and directly inhibits the RNA cleavage activity of the PA endonuclease. Pharmacological antagonism with the PA inhibitor baloxavir further supports PA as a key target. In a mouse model, intranasal MnCl2 administration alleviated body weight loss, reduced mortality, and decreased pulmonary viral RNA loads. Collectively, these findings identify Mn2+ as a direct inhibitor of influenza virus replication that acts, at least in part, by targeting the PA endonuclease, providing a conceptual framework for metal ion-based antiviral strategies.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2026

First community challenge for automated virus taxonomy

The rapid rate of virus discovery renders manual curation by taxonomy experts increasingly impractical, creating a need for reliable software that can reproducibly assign viral contigs to taxa at all fifteen ranks of the virus taxonomy. We led an open community challenge for the computational taxonomic classification of viruses and assembled a dataset of virus sequences combining expert-curated and metagenomic sequences. Seventeen teams contributed a total of thirty-four automated, fully reproducible classification pipelines. Most tools correctly assigned viruses belonging to established species, genera, or families, but viruses that are unclassified at those lower ranks remain challenging. This study provides datasets, open-source software, novel approaches, and recommendations to benchmark computational taxonomic classification of viruses, and support organizing the many viruses discovered in big omics data.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2026

A common connectome-based neural reference space across affective, autonomic, and wakefulness arousal

Arousal is often invoked to explain state-dependent variability in attention, emotion, memory, and decision-making. However, the term is used inconsistently, referring variously to affective experience, autonomic activation, and states of wakefulness. The extent to which different operationalizations of arousal reflect a shared neurobiological basis remains unclear, limiting efforts to unify findings across studies. We applied dynamic connectome predictive models to five fMRI datasets spanning naturalistic movie watching, story listening, wakeful rest, and sleep. We derived measures of affective, autonomic, and wakefulness arousal from subjective ratings, pupil dilation, and EEG, respectively. Models trained to predict arousal in one dataset generalized across datasets, indicating that dynamic connectivity captures shared arousal-related dynamics across measures and task contexts. The models also predicted manually scored sleep stages, suggesting that they capture arousal dynamics that extend to the graded fluctuations in arousal during sleep. Decoded arousal dynamics during movie-viewing predicted how well participants later recalled movie events, reproducing classic arousal-dependent memory enhancement effects. Model predictions were supported by overlapping functional connections, including a subset shared across all models. The largest proportion of shared connections was between the salience and somatomotor networks, suggesting that increased coordination between salience detection and action readiness may be a common feature across multiple operationalizations of arousal. Together, these results are consistent with a connectome-based neural reference space for arousal, in which different varieties share a core set of predictive connections. Our findings offer a quantitative framework for integrating arousal-related findings across tasks and modalities.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

Inherited input and local transformations shape the spatiotemporal organization of pathway specific striatal signals for motivated behavior

Adaptive behavior requires neural circuits to link sensory events with their location, predictive value, and temporal relationship to outcomes. Although striatal circuits are implicated in this process, it remains unclear how motivationally relevant signals are organized across striatal regions and direct- and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons, and which components reflect afferent input versus local transformations. Using striatum-wide calcium recordings during visual conditioning in mice, we found that learned cue value, reward proximity, cue location, and lick-related behavior were encoded in distinct regions and time windows. These signals included both pathway-convergent representations and pathway-opponent dynamics. Striatum-wide measurements of glutamatergic input targeted to each SPN subtype revealed that rapid cue-location and lick-related signals were present in afferent input to both pathways, consistent with inherited representations. In contrast, pathway-opponent pDMS value signals and dSPN-selective pVLS ramping were absent from corresponding glutamatergic input dynamics, indicating local striatal transformations. These findings reveal region-specific input-output transformations that organize striatal signals for distinct components of motivated behavior.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

Exercise-induced Sweat Promotes Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Persistent hyperglycemia impairs wound healing in diabetic patients, and severe cases may even lead to disability or death. Glycemic control alone cannot effectively prevent the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers, a serious complication of diabetes. However, safe, efficient, and cost-effective therapies remain unavailable and are urgently needed. Using a novel sports medicine paradigm, we predicted, based on reverse-transcriptomics, that exercise-induced sweat has the potential to promote would healing in diabetic foot ulcers. Subsequent animal experiments demonstrated that sweat can indeed promote re-epithelialization and collagen deposition, upregulate the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67, the angiogenesis marker CD31, and -SMA, and significantly accelerate wound healing in a mouse model of diabetic foot ulcers. This study provides a new direction for sports medicine and offers a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

zoology↗

bioRxiv2026

TRiC folds the giant ciliary protein IFT172 via a non-canonical open-state mechanism

The eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC/CCT is essential for folding complex proteins, yet how it folds substrates that exceed its closed chamber capacity remains a longstanding paradox. Here, we define the folding pathway of IFT172, the largest subunit ([~]200 kDa) of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery, and uncover a "divide-and-conquer" mechanism. TRiC and HSP70 engage IFT172 concurrently but on distinct domains: TRiC captures the N-terminal WD40 {beta}-propellers within its chamber, whereas HSP70 independently stabilizes the C-terminal TPR domain in the cytosol. To accommodate this oversized client, specific TRiC subunits (CCT4, CCT2, and CCT7) undergo pronounced Z-shaped outward bending, thereby expanding the chamber. Unexpectedly, the first WD40 domain reaches a near-folded state within the open, ATP-bound chamber, and subsequent TRiC ring closure triggers substrate ejection rather than encapsulation. This non-canonical "fold-and-eject" mechanism challenges the classical view that the closed chamber is an obligate folding cage. We further demonstrate that this pathway is essential for ciliary functions in vivo, and reveal a conserved mode of chaperonin recognition among IFT components bearing tandem WD40-TPR architectures. Together, our findings establish a new paradigm for the folding of oversized, multi-domain proteins and identify TRiC as a central proteostasis hub in ciliary biogenesis, with direct implications for ciliopathy pathogenesis.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2026

Human-Dog Interaction Method and Dog Familiarity Differentially Modulate Prefrontal Connectivity and Autonomic Recovery Following Acute Stress: An fNIRS Study

Human-dog interaction is widely used to alleviate stress, yet the accompanying cortical and autonomic dynamics during acute stress and recovery remain incompletely characterized. In this study, 70 adult dog owners completed a standardized stress protocol while prefrontal cortex activity was continuously monitored with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), alongside subjective stress and salivary cortisol measures. Participants then underwent a recovery phase involving interaction with a companion dog, manipulating contact type (direct in person vs. indirect video conferencing), and familiarity (own vs. unfamiliar dog). Stress responses were quantified through heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), low- and high-frequency spectral power (LF, HF, and LF/HF), and prefrontal functional connectivity (FC) based on maximum cross-correlation coefficients between fNIRS channels. As expected, HR, HRV-derived indices, and FC increased from baseline to the stress phase, confirming robust engagement of autonomic and prefrontal networks. During the recovery phase, all dog interaction conditions demonstrated reductions in HR, LF/HF ratio, and FC toward or below baseline, consistent with physiological and neural stress recovery; direct interaction was associated with particularly pronounced parasympathetic enhancement and a drop in FC that fell significantly below baseline in some cases. Across groups, HRV, LF/HF, and FC were the most consistent predictors of subjective stress ratings, whereas associations with cortisol were limited. These findings suggest that human-dog interaction promotes coordinated autonomic and prefrontal recovery from acute stress, and that fNIRS-derived metrics might provide a marker of stress modulation that can distinguish high-cognitive load and low cognitive demand states beyond traditional stress indices.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

Trem2hi macrophages bridge inflammation resolution and fibrosis initiation after ischemia-reperfusion injury in the kidney

Maladaptive repair of acute kidney injury (AKI) may lead to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by renal fibrosis. Macrophages play roles in AKI-to-CKD progression; however, the interplay between inflammation and fibrosis after AKI remains controversial and the precise role of the distinct macrophage subsets remains elusive. In the present study we identified a unique population of Trem2hi macrophages derived from the bone marrow as a mediator bridging inflammation resolution and fibrosis establishment after kidney injury. Trem2 deficient mice exhibited mitigated renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) while the renal injury and inflammation persisted. Mechanistically, Trem2 promoted renal inflammation resolution by facilitating macrophage efferocytosis to remove apoptotic tubule cells and reshaping the macrophage cytokine production profile. Loss of Trem2 expression led to excessive cholesterol accumulation in macrophages via Lxr-Abca1/Abcg1 axis and thus sustained pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Moreover, Trem2hi macrophages orchestrated the pro-fibrotic tubular epithelial cells and the activation of myofibroblasts through SPP1 to promote the establishment of renal fibrotic niche. Based on our findings, Trem2hi macrophages may serve as a potential therapeutic target for AKI-to-CKD in combination with anti-inflammatory remedies.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2026

APEX1 Protects Cardiomyocytes Against Oxidative Stress by Regulating p53 Protein Stability

Withdrawal statementThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript because the preprint was uploaded to bioRxiv before all co-authors had been fully informed and had provided their explicit consent to make the manuscript publicly available as a preprint. Following internal discussions, the authors have reached a consensus that they do not wish this version to be publicly available. We therefore kindly request that this preprint be withdrawn on the bioRxiv platform. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Myofibroblast lineage mapping and inhibiting subretinal fibrosis by targeting SMAD3 and MRTF pathways via microRNA-24 functional study

Subretinal fibrosis underlies the end-stage pathogenesis of retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It can disrupt retinal structure and eventually lead to legal blindness by generating contractile force, fibrotic scarring, subretinal hemorrhage, and retinal detachment. Myofibroblasts are the predominant cells critically involved in subretinal fibrosis, however, the cellular contribution to myofibroblasts remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that multiple cell lineages, including macrophages, endothelial cells (EC), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and pericytes, significantly contribute to myofibroblasts in a laser-induced subretinal fibrosis model. We found microRNA miR-24 is significantly downregulated in the plasma of wet AMD patients. Overexpression of miR-24 represses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and the resulting fibrosis by regulating TGF-{beta}/SMAD3 and PAK4/LIMK2/MRTF pathways. Consistently, a combination of SMAD3 and MRTF inhibitors show superior efficacy to individual inhibitors in repressing fibrosis in vitro and laser-induced subretinal fibrosis in vivo. Together, these suggest the contribution of multiple cell-types in myofibroblast transformation in subretinal fibrosis, and repression of miR-24-regulated TGF-{beta}/SMAD3 and PAK4/LIMK2/MRTF pathways in multiple cell types holds therapeutic potential for treating subretinal fibrosis in AMD and other fibrotic disorders.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Quantal PCR: A Calibrator-Free Method for Determining the Unit for Nucleic Acid Quantification

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is limited in measuring absolute nucleic acid copy numbers due to the inherent variability of calibrators. Here, we introduce the Quantal PCR (quPCR), a novel method that eliminates the need for calibrators by defining an intrinsic quantal unit derived from the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the replication system. This approach first determines amplification efficiency at high template concentrations, which is then used as the replication probability to construct quantification cycle (Cq) distribution profiles. These profiles are compared with those from limiting dilution PCR to derive the Cq value for the minimal quantal-replication unit ("quCq"), enabling calculation of the sample copy number. Validation using a dual-target DNA template showed near-identical copy numbers using two distinct target-specific replication systems. Thus, quPCR represents a new method for absolute nucleic acid quantification at the single-molecule level, offering a calibrator-free alternative for absolute quantification.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2025

Live-Cell Covalent Profiling Reveals Principles of RNA-Small Molecule Recognition across the Human Transcriptome

RNA folds are abundant in mammalian cells yet poorly characterized as small-molecule targets. We present a scalable, unbiased live-cell pipeline that maps where small molecules bind RNA across the human transcriptome and convert those binders into selective degraders. A 200-member fragment library bearing diazirine/alkyne handles yielded 23 RNA-binding candidates. Chem-CLIP-Map-Seq in MDA-MB-231 cells identified 723 RNA targets and their binding sites, revealing a strong bias toward 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) in mRNAs and enrichment at thermodynamically stable structures, with limited binding to non-coding RNAs. Expression level and local stability contributed to engagement. An integrated machine-learning model trained on multiple fingerprints distinguished binders from non-binders, and highlighted chemotypes and physicochemical features that favor RNA recognition. Four fragments were converted to RiboTACs; despite broad binding, cleavage was highly selective, with X1-RiboTAC degrading MPP7 and SSC4D mRNAs in an RNase L-dependent manner and reducing their protein levels. A competitive profiling workflow quantified in-cell target occupancy and guided optimization of the RNA-binding module to reprogram selectivity: an X1 derivative produced an MPP7-selective RiboTAC that lowered MPP7 mRNA levels and suppressed breast-cancer cell migration, while sparing SSC4D transcripts. This end-to-end framework, including transcriptome-wide mapping, data-driven rules, and tunable degradation, establishes practical principles for ligandable RNA sites in cells and enables rational design of RNA-targeted small molecules and degraders. TEASERLive-cell mapping reveals ligandable RNA sites and guides design of selective RNA degraders. TOC graphic O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=61 SRC="FIGDIR/small/686775v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (16K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a216c8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@185c59eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17131e2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@81ffa2_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

biochemistry↗