Schaeffner, A. R. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2023

Microbe-induced plant drought tolerance by ABA-mediated root morphogenesis and epigenetic reprogramming of gene expression

The use of beneficial microbes to mitigate drought stress tolerance of plants is of great potential albeit little understood. We show here that a root endophytic desert bacterium, Pseudomonas argentinensis sp. SA190, enhances drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome and genetic analysis demonstrate that SA190-induced root morphogenesis and gene expression is mediated via the plant abscisic acid (ABA) pathway. Moreover, we demonstrate that SA190 primes the promoters of target genes in an epigenetic manner which is ABA-dependent. Application of the SA190 priming technology on crops is demonstrated for alfalfa in field trials, showing enhanced performance under desert agriculture conditions. In summary, a single beneficial root bacterial strain can help to perform agriculture under drought and water limiting conditions. Synopsis O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=161 SRC="FIGDIR/small/522604v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (39K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b0bd17org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14e3262org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@cdd103org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5526a0_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG O_LIBeneficial root endophyte Pseudomonas argentinensis sp. SA190 confers drought tolerance in plants C_LIO_LISA190 modulates the expression of genes under drought stress in an ABA-dependent manner C_LIO_LISA190 primes genes via H3K4me3 histone mark enrichment C_LIO_LISA190 alters host plant physiology by improving the plant water status C_LIO_LISA190 enhances crop performance in open field conditions with limited irrigation C_LI

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2020

A fine-tuned interplay of three A. thaliana UDP glucosyltransferases orchestrates salicylic acid homeostasis

Salicylic acid (SA) is a central signaling molecule in development and defense, therefore its levels are tightly controlled. One control mechanism is conjugation with sugar moieties by UDP glucosyltransferases (UGTs). In Arabidopsis, UGT76B1, UGT74F1, and UGT74F2 are known to glucosylate SA. We show that these are the main SA UGTs in leaves, since only marginal levels of SA glucosides were found in a triple loss-of-function mutant. Analyzing transcriptomes, metabolite levels, and phenotypes of a full combinatorial set of loss-of-function mutants, we resolved the mutual relationships and the individual roles of these enzymes in SA homeostasis. The strongest gene expression changes were observed for the ugt76b1 ugt74f1 double mutant, which downregulated developmental genes and most pronouncedly upregulated cell death-related genes. Among the single mutants, ugt76b1 specifically exhibited increased production of reactive oxygen species, increased resistance to infection, and early senescence. Likewise, higher-order mutations confirmed the dominant role of UGT76B1 in controlling SA levels and thereby the expression of biotic stress response genes. Both UGT74F1 and UGT74F2 affected UGT76B1 expression. However, while UGT76B1 and UGT74F1 produced SA-2-O-{beta}-glucoside, UGT74F2 did not contribute there substantially. Instead, UGT74F2 acted independently of UGT74F1, decreasing steady-state SA levels by producing salicyloyl glucose ester. Remarkably, this did not restrict defense responses. In contrast, UGT74F1 interacted with UGT76B1 in suppressing defense responses. Nevertheless, a benzothiadiazole-triggered defense scenario induced only UGT76B1, whereas UGT74F1 was linked to controlling abiotic stress responses. All three enzymes form a network that, in concert with other UGTs, regulates expression of developmental and stress-related genes. One sentence summaryThe salicylic acid glucosylating enzymes of Arabidopsis leaves are crucial for salicylic acid homeostasis and combinatorially impact defense responses and developmental processes.

plant biology↗