Genetic Disruption at the CIP2A Locus Modulates T Cell Responses and Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) driven by pathogenic T cell-mediated inflammation. Fingolimod (FTY720), an approved therapy for MS, is an established activator of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). However the contribution of PP2A in autoimmune neuroinflammation remains incompletely understood. Here, we addressed this question using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS, in mice carrying a genetic disruption of the locus encoding cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A. Mice with disruption of the CIP2A locus, the knock out (KO) mice, exhibited attenuated EAE severity compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Histological and flow-cytometric analyses revealed markedly reduced infiltration of mononuclear cells, including CD4 and CD4CXCR6 encephalitogenic T cells, in the CNS of diseased KO mice. Reduced numbers of these T cell populations were also observed in peripheral lymphoid organs of the Cip2a-deficient mice during EAE, while T cell abundance was comparable under steady-state conditions, suggesting impaired activation-induced expansion rather than altered homeostasis or migration. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CNS and lymph node immune cells revealed changes in cell-type abundance and gene expression. Notably, Il17a expression was reduced in CNS CD8+ T cells and showed a similar trend in {gamma}{delta} T cells. Together, our findings reveal that genetic disruption at the CIP2A locus attenuates EAE, possibly by limiting the expansion and accumulation of encephalitogenic T cell populations in CNS. These results identify the CIP2A locus as a previously unrecognized regulator of T cell-driven autoimmune neuroinflammation and provide new insights into mechanisms that restrain pathogenic T cell responses during EAE.