Bio-engineering a common probiotic to exploit colonic inflammation promotes reliable efficacy in translational models of colitis
The intricate balance between the gut microbiome and host health inspires innovations in drug development. Commensal bacteria provide a multi-targeted approach ideal for treating complex medical conditions, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These bacteria are self-replicating factories with broad targets that promote balanced intestinal inflammation, mucosal barrier function, and eubiosis. Yet, the lack of superiority to gold-standard treatments and their clinical inconsistency makes most probiotics unreliable for disease treatments. Intestinal inflammation, a driving factor in many diseases, often overwhelms commensal bacteria, which lack the stress-resistance mechanisms necessary to withstand host immune defenses. To address this, we introduced a persistence platform BioPersist into E. coli Nissle 1917. We hypothesized that a bio-engineered probiotic, or genetically engineered microbial medicine (GEMM), designed to persist during inflammation would enhance probiotic bioavailability during colitis, leading to sustained therapeutic outcomes. We evaluated BioPersist in multiple translational colitis models such as in mice and pigs. BioPersist delayed the onset and reduced the severity of both chronic and acute colitis, proving more effective than 5-aminosalicylate. BioPersist thrived during inflammation promoting tolerogenic immune responses that limited infiltrating leukocyte activity and decreased TNF- from resident myeloid cells in the mesentery. The persistence feature of BioPersist allowed the probiotic to overcome the damaging inflammatory response, eliciting mucosal healing evident by the increase in microbially-derived butyric acid. Based on these preclinical results, BioPersist may be a novel therapeutic option for both human and veterinary applications that sustains efficacy during colitis. One Sentence SummaryAdding a persistence feature to a probiotic enhances its efficacy for colitis treatment, enhancing future human and veterinary therapeutic applications.