Variation in insect herbivore communities on individual plants reveal phylogenetic signal in uncertainty of attack in Brassicaceae
As a result of co-evolution between plants and herbivores, related plants often interact with similar communities of herbivores. On individual plants, typically only a subset of interactions is realized. The stochasticity of realized interactions leads to uncertainty of attack on individual plants and is likely to determine adaptiveness of plant defence strategies. Here, we show that across 12 plant species in two phylogenetic lineages of the Brassicaceae, variation in realized herbivore communities reveals a phylogenetic signal in the uncertainty of attack on individual plants. Individual plants of Brassicaceae Lineage II were attacked by a larger number of herbivore species from a larger species pool, resulting in a higher uncertainty of realized antagonistic interactions compared to plants in Lineage I. We argue that uncertainty of attack in terms of realized interactions on individual plants is ecologically relevant and must therefore be considered in the evolution of plant defences.