Therapeutic anti-IgE antibodies generate distinct functional immune complex signatures

Abstract

Therapeutic IgG anti-IgE antibodies are benchmarked by their ability to interfere with IgE-Fc[epsilon]RI binding, but their activity within IgE and IgG-containing immune complexes remains poorly defined. Here we show that omalizumab and ligelizumab form binary IgE-IgG and ternary allergen-containing immune complexes with distinct functional properties. In primary human leukocytes, these complexes exhibited antibody- and composition-dependent patterns of cellular association and activation. Using multiplexed focal molography, we resolved Fc receptor engagement across free and complexed antibody states and identified distinct receptor-binding signatures for omalizumab- and ligelizumab-containing complexes. Notably, allergen incorporation reversed the relative ability of the two antibodies to neutralize IgE-Fc[epsilon]RI interactions and remodelled Fc[gamma]R binding. Thus, immune-complex composition is a determinant of therapeutic antibody function.