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bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.11.04.764428

RadMultiBench: A Reproducible Dual-Task Benchmark Exposing the Limits of Pre-Trained Vision-Language Models Across Thoracic and Breast Imaging

Alam, M. N.·Rahman, M. T.·Sarkar, D.·Dhrubo, A. F. H.·Qayum, M. A.·Khan, M. A.
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Abstract

We present RadMultiBench, a multimodal benchmark of 6,148 medical images paired with expert radiological impressions across five categories--Breast Cancer, Lung Benign, Lung Malignant, Pneumonia, and Tuberculosis--targeting two core clinical tasks: automated report generation and disease classification. To enable reliable, repeatable experimentation, we provide a reproducible pipeline for data ingestion, de-identification, split management, and standardized reporting of text and classification metrics, facilitating dataset versioning and continuous benchmark testing. We compare three architectures: (1) a classical CNN-RNN with Bahdanau attention (ResNet-LSTM), (2) a general-domain vision-language (V-L) prefix-projection model (CLIP-GPT), and (3) a domain-specific V-L prefix-projection model (BioViL-T). Results reveal a sharp performance divide: the ResNet-LSTM attains near-perfect classification (99.5% accuracy) and is the only model to generate coherent reports (BLEU-4 = 0.021), whereas both prefix-projection models catastrophically fail generation (BLEU-4 [≤] 0.0001); moreover, the domain-specific BioViL-T also fails classification (11.5% accuracy). From a data-engineering angle, the pipeline is productionizable with lineage, feature registries, and continuous integration to guard against silent regressions when updating models or data; from a data-science angle, the benchmark provides baselines and analyses that foreground feature alignment and architectural suitability as first-order concerns, inviting ablations on multimodal objectives, retrieval-augmented encoders, and uncertainty-aware decoding. Overall, RadMultiBench highlights that state-of-the-art status in general V-L domains does not translate automatically to high-stakes clinical tasks, and it furnishes the tooling and evidence base needed to develop robust, clinically viable multimodal systems.

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Alam, M. N., Rahman, M. T., Sarkar, D., Dhrubo, A. F. H., Qayum, M. A., Khan, M. A.. 2026-11-06. RadMultiBench: A Reproducible Dual-Task Benchmark Exposing the Limits of Pre-Trained Vision-Language Models Across Thoracic and Breast Imaging. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.764428

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