Alpha-range neural oscillations are associated with multiple dynamic brain networks

Nomi, J. S.; Roman-Lopez, T. V.; Chang, F. Y.; Friedman-Jha, A.; Truong, H.; Diaz-Fong, J. P.; Chang, C.; Karalunas, S. L.; Phadikar, S.; Calhoun, V. D.; Dillon, A.; Loo, S.; Lenartowicz, A.

doi:10.64898/2026.10.12.758569

bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.10.12.758569

Alpha-range neural oscillations are associated with multiple dynamic brain networks

Nomi, J. S.·Roman-Lopez, T. V.·Chang, F. Y.·Friedman-Jha, A.·Truong, H.·Diaz-Fong, J. P.·Chang, C.·Karalunas, S. L.·Phadikar, S.·Calhoun, V. D.·Dillon, A.·Loo, S.·Lenartowicz, A.

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Abstract

We asked whether alpha range (8-12 Hz) EEG neural oscillations, a robust indicator of cortical excitability, are associated with dynamic BOLD brain networks. Two independent EEG-fMRI resting-state datasets (discovery: n = 94 and replication: n = 33) show that low- and high-alpha periods are associated with dynamic BOLD coactivation patterns (dCAPS) involving multiple dynamic networks rather than a single static network. Unique BOLD dCAPs consisting of visual cortex activation along with sensorimotor and attention networks in addition to the posterior thalamus, were mainly associated with periods of low-alpha power. However, overlapping BOLD dCAPs consisting of default, control, and attention networks were associated with periods of both low- and high-alpha power. The results suggest low-alpha dCAPS contain unique temporal-dependent configurations related to visual, sensorimotor, and attention networks while both low- and high-alpha dCAPs consist of overlapping temporal-dependent configurations involving CON, DMN, and attention networks involved in internal and external cognition. These findings reconcile discrepancies across static connectivity EEG-fMRI findings by showing that distinct transient BOLD configurations are associated with similar patterns of alpha EEG modulation in visual cortex, providing a dynamic framework for the gating function of alpha oscillations.

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Nomi, J. S., Roman-Lopez, T. V., Chang, F. Y., Friedman-Jha, A., Truong, H., Diaz-Fong, J. P., Chang, C., Karalunas, S. L., Phadikar, S., Calhoun, V. D., Dillon, A., Loo, S., Lenartowicz, A.. 2026-10-19. Alpha-range neural oscillations are associated with multiple dynamic brain networks. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.12.758569

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