The cleaved C-terminal domain of GmERS1-1 modulates cell cycle via GmACR1

Chen, K.; Zhou, Y.; Tang, W.; Wang, D.; Bai, Y.; Wang, C.; Li, W.; Li, X.; Guo, D.; Zhang, M.; Yan, J.; Guo, J.; Zhao, Y.; Shan, B.; Chen, J.; Xu, Z.; He, Y.; Ma, J.; Song, Q.; Li, H.; Qiu, L.; Wang, H.; Chen, M.; Ma, Y.-z.

doi:10.64898/2026.10.07.757225

bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.10.07.757225

The cleaved C-terminal domain of GmERS1-1 modulates cell cycle via GmACR1

Chen, K.·Zhou, Y.·Tang, W.·Wang, D.·Bai, Y.·Wang, C.·Li, W.·Li, X.·Guo, D.·Zhang, M.·Yan, J.·Guo, J.·Zhao, Y.·Shan, B.·Chen, J.·Xu, Z.·He, Y.·Ma, J.·Song, Q.·Li, H.·Qiu, L.·Wang, H.·Chen, M.·Ma, Y.-z.

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Abstract

Ethylene signaling orchestrates plant development and stress adaptation, yet how post-translational modifications of its receptors coordinate growth regulation remains unresolved. Here, we uncover a proteolytic processing mechanism of the soybean ethylene receptor GmERS1-1 that directly gates cell cycle progression. The GmERS1-1 mutants exhibit elevated yield under field conditions, whereas overexpression suppresses growth and hypersensitizes plants to ethylene. Ethylene triggers nuclear translocation of C-terminal domain (GmERS1-1-CEND), which is indispensable for receptor function. Mechanistically, GmERS1-1-CEND scaffolds a trimeric complex with GmACR1 and GmCDK7, enforcing G2/M phase arrest, thereby decoupling cell division from canonical ethylene transcriptional responses. Strikingly, ethylene-induced cell cycle blockade during apple fruit maturation mirrors this pathway, suggesting deep conservation across angiosperms. Our work defines a receptor processing-dependent signaling axis that directly interlinks phytohormone perception with cell cycle control, proposing tunable targets (e.g., GmERS1-1 cleavage efficiency) for engineering crop architecture and productivity.

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Chen, K., Zhou, Y., Tang, W., Wang, D., Bai, Y., Wang, C., Li, W., Li, X., Guo, D., Zhang, M., Yan, J., Guo, J., Zhao, Y., Shan, B., Chen, J., Xu, Z., He, Y., Ma, J., Song, Q., Li, H., Qiu, L., Wang, H., Chen, M., Ma, Y.-z.. 2026-10-08. The cleaved C-terminal domain of GmERS1-1 modulates cell cycle via GmACR1. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.07.757225

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