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bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.08.24.746600

Brain Controllability and Control Energy in Gray-White Matter Fusion Network

Liu, Y.·Chen, K.·Qiu, J.·Niu, J.
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Abstract

Objective: Brain network controllability provides a framework for understanding how structural organization shapes brain dynamics, yet current models mainly rely on white-matter connectivity and may overlook the contribution of gray-matter architecture. Approach: We constructed a fusion network combining diffusion tensor imaging-derived white-matter connectivity with gray-matter morphological similarity and investigated its controllability, biological associations, heritability, phenotype prediction, and control energy. Main results: Controllability derived from the fusion network preserved key topological properties of the white-matter network and was associated with neurotransmitter systems and cerebral metabolism. Compared with the white-matter connectivity-based network, fusion-based controllability showed a systematic shift toward higher heritability, improved prediction of several individual characteristics and cognitive functions, and lower modeled control energy for activating resting-state networks. Significance: These findings suggest that incorporating gray-matter morphological information into a DTI-supported network provides a complementary structural representation for studying brain network controllability and state transitions. The lower control energy represents a model-derived transition cost and should not be interpreted as a direct measure of physiological energy expenditure.

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Liu, Y., Chen, K., Qiu, J., Niu, J.. 2026-08-27. Brain Controllability and Control Energy in Gray-White Matter Fusion Network. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.24.746600

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