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bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.07.28.741290

Functional maturation in abducens motoneurons populations during angular VOR larval development

Pain, M.·Boulain, M.·Cardoit, L.·Cabirol, M.-J.·Forgue, J.·Gorges, M.·Courtand, G.·Glasauer, S.·Lambert, F. M.
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Abstract

Extraocular motoneurons are the final neuronal relay implicated in gaze motor control and are known to be subdivided in functional subgroups, differently implicated in ocular motion dynamics. However, the maturation of these functional populations of extraocular motoneurons, in relation with the development of gaze-stabilizing reflexes remains largely unexplored. In amphibian tadpoles, the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) appears later than other visuo-vestibular ocular reflexes and matures until the metamorphosis climax. Two types of Abducens motoneurons have been described to participate to the angular VOR in larval frog: spontaneous motor units, exhibiting a robust resting activity and silent motor units recruited only during head motion. The aim of this study was to investigate the maturation of these two types of Abducens motor units in relation with the development of the angular VOR by evaluating their discharge dynamic in response to head rotation in semi-intact preparations of larval Xenopus laevis. During larval life, the discharge modulation during sinusoidal head rotations increases significantly for silent units only, demonstrating a better sensitivity of this Abducens motoneuron sub-population to horizontal semicircular canal activation. In addition, this functional maturation was accompanied by an increase of the myelination in the lateral rectus motor nerve, promoting a faster conductivity in late larval stages than in early one. These findings showed that the development of the angular VOR is supported by a selective maturation of extraocular motoneurons subpopulations, specifically implicated in the improvement of the ocular kinematic during the reflex.

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Pain, M., Boulain, M., Cardoit, L., Cabirol, M.-J., Forgue, J., Gorges, M., Courtand, G., Glasauer, S., Lambert, F. M.. 2026-08-01. Functional maturation in abducens motoneurons populations during angular VOR larval development. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.28.741290

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