Multi-trait evaluation of a tomato MAGIC population identifies promising lines with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)

Baraja-Fonseca, V.; Gil-Villar, D.; Bancic, J.; Renau-Morata, B.; Salud Justamante, M.; Plazas, M.; Gramazio, P.; Vilanova, S.; Perez-Perez, J. M.; Granell, A.; Molina, R. V.; Nebauer, S. G.; Prohens, J.; Arrones, A.

doi:10.64898/2026.07.14.738388

bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.07.14.738388

Multi-trait evaluation of a tomato MAGIC population identifies promising lines with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)

Baraja-Fonseca, V.·Gil-Villar, D.·Bancic, J.·Renau-Morata, B.·Salud Justamante, M.·Plazas, M.·Gramazio, P.·Vilanova, S.·Perez-Perez, J. M.·Granell, A.·Molina, R. V.·Nebauer, S. G.·Prohens, J.·Arrones, A.

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Abstract

Nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) is a pivotal breeding target in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to sustain production under reduced N inputs. Here, we leveraged a recently developed tomato multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (ToMAGIC) population to identify lines with superior performance under reduced N availability. The eight founders and a core subset of 118 ToMAGIC lines were characterized with 10,684 SNP markers and evaluated under optimal (opN, 15 mM) and suboptimal (subN, 8 mM) N supply in an experiment totalling 1,576 plants, generating 48,068 data points across 61 phenotypic variables. Under both N treatments, ToMAGIC lines exhibited transgressive segregation for most traits, confirming the value of this population as a reservoir of untapped variation. Notably, under subN conditions, harvest index (Hi) increased by 29-44%, suggesting adaptive resource redistribution toward reproductive sinks. Variance partitioning revealed that agronomic and NUE-related traits were largely under genetic control, with heritability estimates frequently above 0.80 and broadly conserved across N treatments. Multivariate trait analysis identified fruit yield N concentration (NUE component, CN,y), shoot biomass N content (NAb), and shoot growth-related traits as the main drivers of treatment differentiation. Finally, proxy traits were prioritized by integrating response magnitude, heritability, trait correlations, and treatment-discriminatory power into multi-trait selection indices. This strategy generated favorable predicted genetic gains, reaching 158% for high-performance lines and 170% for subN-adapted lines, and consistently identified lines 402, 428, 518, 800, and 816 as promising pre-breeding materials. Overall, this study supports ToMAGIC as a powerful resource for developing N-efficient cultivars suited for sustainable agriculture.

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Baraja-Fonseca, V., Gil-Villar, D., Bancic, J., Renau-Morata, B., Salud Justamante, M., Plazas, M., Gramazio, P., Vilanova, S., Perez-Perez, J. M., Granell, A., Molina, R. V., Nebauer, S. G., Prohens, J., Arrones, A.. 2026-07-15. Multi-trait evaluation of a tomato MAGIC population identifies promising lines with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.14.738388

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