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bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.06.09.731143

Ca2+-activated CKL3 phosphorylates nucleoporin 58 to reprogram nuclear transport and execute effector-triggered immunity

Zhang, X.·Reyes, A. V.·Karapetyan, S.·Xie, Y.·Xiang, Y.·Xu, S.-L.·Dong, X.
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Abstract

Recognition of pathogen effectors by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants through resistosome formation, which generates a sustained cytosolic Ca2+ influx and ultimately leads to programmed cell death (PCD) at infection sites and resistance. However, the mechanisms linking Ca2+ influx to ETI execution remains a major knowledge gap. Using TurboID proximity labeling with the central transport channel nucleoporin 58 (Nup58) as a probe, we show that, instead of deregulation, ETI induction restricts general nuclear trafficking while selectively enhancing nuclear import of defense-related proteins. This switch is driven by elevated cytosolic Ca2+, which binds to the conserved Asp-149 in CASEIN KINASE 1-LIKE 3 (CKL3), promoting its interaction with and phosphorylation of Nup58 at Ser-149, thereby altering nuclear pore selectivity. This study identifies CKL3 and Nup58 as key regulators of ETI by establishing a mechanistic link from resistosome-mediated Ca2+ influx to nuclear transport reprogramming and immune execution.

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Zhang, X., Reyes, A. V., Karapetyan, S., Xie, Y., Xiang, Y., Xu, S.-L., Dong, X.. 2026-06-10. Ca2+-activated CKL3 phosphorylates nucleoporin 58 to reprogram nuclear transport and execute effector-triggered immunity. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.06.09.731143

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