Structural analysis of de novo designed binders targeting the closed state of HSP90

Abstract

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) assists protein folding and maturation of many important signaling proteins. In various diseases, HSP90 clients contribute to aberrant signaling, and HSP90 inhibition is being explored as a potential therapeutic approach. Commonly researched HSP90 inhibitors target the ATP-binding pocket, thereby disrupting the ATP-induced closure of HSP90. Drugs disrupting the HSP90 ATPase cycle by targeting the closed state of the chaperone have not been developed. Here, we present de novo design and selection of protein binders interacting exclusively with the closed state HSP90. Two such binders, H2 and H4, were identified that feature a similar fold and comparable affinities for HSP90 but display different binding kinetics. The structures of the HSP90 complexes with H2 and H4 were determined by cryo-EM single particle analysis, and they revealed high accuracy of the BindCraft predictions. H2 and H4 compete with p23 at one but not both symmetrical p23 binding sites on HSP90. H2 expressed in HEK293T cells moderately elevated expression of HSP70 and had no effect on the HSP90 level, suggesting muted heat shock response. Overall, this study demonstrates that the de novo binders represent novel and promising tools to probe the potential utility of HSP90 inhibition by targeting its closed state.