Characterization of pre-analytical blood collection and stabilization parameters to maintain endogenous protein levels for remote blood sampling technology

Abstract

Blood biomarkers are central to monitoring disease progression and evaluating treatment responses, yet traditional venipuncture captures a single physiological snapshot in time and becomes burdensome with repeated sampling. Remote blood self-sampling offers a path toward longitudinal, decentralized monitoring, but maintaining protein integrity from draw to analysis remains a critical challenge. Here, we optimized pre-analytical blood collection and stabilization parameters to maintain protein levels at the time of collection for use with remote sampling technology. First, we optimized blood collection time with Tasso remote self-sampling devices to minimize interference from clotting, finding that a 2.5 min collection time best reduces clot formation while collecting enough blood. Next, we found that Protein Plus, a commercial protein stabilizer, limited hemolysis (a metric for stabilizer efficacy) in venous blood for up to 5 days at 25{degrees}C-35{degrees}C and for 1 day at 40{degrees}C. In addition, we optimized the stabilizer volume and acceptable blood volume range for self-sampling as the stabilizer efficacy is impacted by the stabilizer to blood ratio and collection volume can vary with remote self-sampling devices. Finally, we incubated stabilized blood samples collected via Tasso device at 25{degrees}C-35{degrees}C for 72 h, mimicking a 2-day shipping period. Using a panel of 21 inflammatory proteins, we found that Protein Plus limited intracellular protein release for various proteins (e.g., VEGF-A, CCL11, and IL-8), inhibited protein degradation for CCL2, and enabled minimal hemolysis. These results support Protein Plus as a viable stabilization strategy for remote blood collection technology targeting longitudinal inflammatory protein monitoring.