Further evidence of much higher covariation with saccadic reaction time of superior colliculus than primary visual cortex visual responses

Abstract

Visual response strength in the primate superior colliculus (SC) has recently been shown to inversely correlate with trial-by-trial saccadic reaction time in a much stronger way than visual response strength in the primary visual cortex (V1). However, for any given visual stimulus onset, populations of neurons in each brain area are concurrently activated, leaving open the question of how V1 visual response strength can predict trial-by-trial saccadic reaction time when multiple simultaneously recorded neurons are taken into account. Using a classic visually-guided saccade task, here we assessed the quality of predicting trial-by-trial saccadic reaction time from the visual response strengths of 1 to 10 simultaneously recorded neurons in each brain area. For each session, we modeled saccadic reaction time as a weighted linear combination of the visual response strengths of N simultaneously recorded neurons. Consistent with the prior work, the visual response strength of a single SC neuron was better than that of a single V1 neuron at predicting reaction time. By adding more simultaneously recorded neurons, the prediction got much better in the SC, but not in V1. Only for 100% contrast dark stimuli (darker in luminance than the surrounding gray background) did V1 show an increase in prediction quality with more simultaneously recorded neurons. This increase, which was still substantially weaker than in the SC, could reflect the ecological relevance of dark contrasts in scenes. These results suggest that despite qualitative similarities between SC and V1 visual responses, SC visual responses are functionally reformatted from their V1 counterparts. SignificanceThe superior colliculus (SC) is an important sensory-motor structure for controlling eye movements, and it receives a significant portion of its inputs directly from the primary visual cortex (V1). Despite this, SC visual responses are much better correlated with trial-by-trial variability in saccadic eye movement timing than V1 visual responses, and this effect is strongly amplified when considering simultaneously recorded neurons. Thus, SC and V1 visual responses serve fundamentally different functions from a motor perspective.