Canavalia ensiformis intercrop to reduce weeds and stalk borer damage in sugarcane

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of two intercrop species, Canavalia ensiformis and Desmodium intortum, to reduce weed growth, herbicide use and damage by the stalk borer Chilo sacchariphagus in sugarcane cropping system in Reunion. We compared six inter-row management techniques: four treatments combined the two intercrops Canavalia ensiformis or Desmodium intortum sown either early (between 0 and 2.1 months after sugarcane emergence) or late (between 1.3 and 3.7 months after sugarcane emergence), a treatment where no weeding was carried out on the inter-row, and a treatment with chemical weeding of the inter-row (CcWp). In all treatments, the sugarcane row was weeded chemically and manually. The six treatments were compared in a multilocal randomized block design with three localities, during one or two crop cycles depending on the locality. Desmodium intortum produced poor ground coverage in half of the trial x crop cycles and was therefore found unsuitable for use as an intercrop of sugarcane in our conditions. On the opposite, Canavalia ensiformis quickly covered the inter-rows, regardless of the sowing date. The Canavalia ensiformis intercrops allowed a reduction of herbicide consumption by 63% when sown early and by 28% when sown late, compared to the CcWp control treatment. Both Canavalia ensiformis intercrops caused a reduction of weed coverage on the inter-row similar or better than the chemical control. However, the early sown Canavalia ensiformis intercrop caused a 18.6 t.ha-1 yield loss compared the chemical control. No yield loss was detected with the late sown intercrop. A significant reduction of stalk damage by a 0.8-fold factor was observed in the early sown Canavalia ensiformis treatment.