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bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.01.19.700098

Aquamin a marine derived multi mineral attenuates toll like receptor mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages.

Lioudakis, E.·Hans, S.·O'Gorman, D.·O'Connell, S.·Lucitt, M.
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Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in innate immune responses through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Activation of TLRs leads to the induction of inflammatory cytokines via MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways. Aquamin, a multi-mineral supplement derived from the marine red algae Lithothamnion, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we demonstrate that Aquamin dose-dependently inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-6, IL-1{beta}) and chemokines in both human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (mBMDMs), without causing cytotoxicity. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that Aquamin specifically suppressed TRIF dependent IRF3 activation downstream of TLR3 and TLR4. These findings support Aquamin as a promising agent for use as an intervention in counteracting inflammatory diseases states where TLR signalling is implicated.

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Lioudakis, E., Hans, S., O'Gorman, D., O'Connell, S., Lucitt, M.. 2026-01-22. Aquamin a marine derived multi mineral attenuates toll like receptor mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages.. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.19.700098

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