A plant virus-based virus like-particle platform for therapeutic vaccination targeting IL-23A

Ogrina-Komarova, A.; Kalnciema, I.; Skrastina, D.; Strods, A.; Pikure, S.; Jansons, J.; Resevica, G.; Bogans, J.; Petrovska, R.; Zeltins, A.; Balke, I.

doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697872

bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.01.06.697872

A plant virus-based virus like-particle platform for therapeutic vaccination targeting IL-23A

Ogrina-Komarova, A.·Kalnciema, I.·Skrastina, D.·Strods, A.·Pikure, S.·Jansons, J.·Resevica, G.·Bogans, J.·Petrovska, R.·Zeltins, A.·Balke, I.

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Abstract

Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pivotal cytokine in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Vaccination against self-antigens offers an alternative to monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies by eliciting endogenous Ab responses. Here, we report the development of a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine targeting murine IL-23A (mIL23A) using the eggplant mosaic virus (EMV) coat protein as a carrier. mIL23A was incorporated either as a direct fusion or within a mosaic system, with the latter supporting efficient VLP assembly. Alternative antigen presentation strategies employed synthetic coiled-coil and zipper pairs. All constructs were expressed in E. coli, purified, and characterized by SDS-PAGE, TEM, and DLS. Immunization of BALB/c mice elicited robust mIL23A-specific Abs, with mosaic VLPs inducing high-avidity, Th1-biased responses. Encapsidated RNA within VLPs was double-stranded and stimulated TLR3, enhancing immunogenicity. Scale-up in bioreactors preserved VLP integrity and antigen incorporation, yielding 1.72 mg per gram of cells. These results establish EMV VLPs as a flexible and scalable platform for presenting challenging antigens and provide a promising approach for therapeutic vaccination against self-antigens.

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Ogrina-Komarova, A., Kalnciema, I., Skrastina, D., Strods, A., Pikure, S., Jansons, J., Resevica, G., Bogans, J., Petrovska, R., Zeltins, A., Balke, I.. 2026-01-06. A plant virus-based virus like-particle platform for therapeutic vaccination targeting IL-23A. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.06.697872

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