Notch receptors involved in the choice between intestinal secretory and enterocytes and differentiation of Bestrophin 4 cells.

Abstract

During the first half of embryogenesis, the intestinal epithelium is a simple layer of cuboidal cells surrounded by lateral plate splanchnic mesoderm. As embryogenesis proceeds, the epithelium differentiates to include a variety of enterocytes and secretory cells. During the period of epithelial cell differentiation a number of signaling pathways are used to generate the full complement of cell types. Notch signaling is important for the choice between enterocytes and secretory cells. Following the initial choice, both enterocytes and secretory cells continue differentiating into a number of different subtypes of each cell type. In the zebrafish embryo, Notch signaling is utilized at least three times during development of the intestinal epithelium. The first two Notch signaling events are involved in the choice between enterocytes and secretory cells, while the third involves differentiation of a unique cell type that we previously called Notch Receiving Secretory Cells (NRSCs). While we have identified the times when Notch signaling is active, the individual Notch receptors used in each signaling event have not been previously identified. Here we use loss of function mutants in the four Notch receptors (notch 1a, 1b, 2, and 3) to identify which are used in the each of the Notch signaling events. We find redundant use of Notch receptors in the choice between enterocytes and secretory cells with loss of combinations of either notch 2 and notch 3 or notch 2 and notch 1b but not loss of individual receptors resulting in changes to secretory cell numbers. During the Notch signaling event following the choice between secretory and enterocytes, we identify NRSCs as Bestrophin 4 (BEST4+) cells. In contrast to the choice between secretory and enterocyte cells, we find that loss of individual Notch receptors result in differing numbers of BEST4+ cells. Even though loss of individual receptors affect BEST4+ numbers we suggest that combinations of Notch receptors play a role in differentiation of different BEST4+ subtypes. HighlightsO_LIRequirements for the choice between secretory and enterocytes within the intestinal epithelium require Notch2/Notch3 and Notch2/Notch1b combinations. C_LIO_LINotch 2 and Notch1b are required for Bestropin 4 (BEST4+) cell development. C_LIO_LICombinations of Notch2, Notch1b, and Notch3 may play roles in formation of different BEST4+ subtypes. C_LI