TGFβ regulation of perilacunar/canalicular remodeling is sexually dimorphic

Abstract

1.Bone fragility is the product of defects in bone mass and bone quality, both of which show sex-specific differences. Despite this, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the sexually dimorphic control of bone quality remain unclear, limiting our ability to effectively prevent fractures, especially in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Recently, using male mice, we found that systemic or osteocyte-intrinsic inhibition of TGF{beta} signaling, achieved using the 9.6-kb DMP1 promoter-driven Cre recombinase (T{beta}RIIocy-/- mice), suppresses osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR) and compromises bone quality. Since systemic TGF{beta} inhibition more robustly increases bone mass in female than male mice, we postulated that sex-specific differences in bone quality could likewise result, in part, from dimorphic regulation of PLR by TGF{beta}. Moreover, since lactation induces PLR, we examined the effect of TGF{beta} inhibition on the female skeleton during lactation. In contrast to males, female mice that possess an osteocyte-intrinsic defect in TGF{beta} signaling were protected from TGF{beta}-dependent defects in PLR and bone quality. The expression of requisite PLR enzymes, the lacuno-canalicular network, and the flexural strength of female T{beta}RIIocy-/- bone was intact. With lactation, however, bone loss, and induction in PLR and osteocytic parathyroid hormone type I receptor (PTHR1) expression, were suppressed in T{beta}RIIocy-/- bone, relative to wild-type. Indeed, differential control of PTHR1 expression, by TGF{beta} and other factors, may contribute to dimorphism in PLR regulation in male and female T{beta}RIIocy-/- mice. These findings provide key insights into the sex-based differences in osteocyte PLR that underlie bone quality and highlight TGF{beta} signaling as a crucial regulator of lactation-induced PLR.