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bioRxiv · 10.1101/644203

Variation in neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis) diet: Effects of an invasive prey species.

Abstract

Due to human activities, some species have expanded their distribution into areas that were historically difficult or impossible to reach by natural dispersal. Such species may become invasive if they successfully establish reproductive populations. Predation is one of the main barriers that exotic species may face in newly colonized areas. We evaluated the effect of an invasive prey (armored catfish: Pterygoplichtys sp.) on the dietary niche breadth and trophic level of a native predator (Neotropical river otter: Lontra longicaudis) in northern Guatemala. We examined otter scats from three rivers: two where the invasive armored catfish occurred and one without the invasive fish. Samples were collected two and seven years after the first report of the catfish in the area. We performed gross scat analysis and stable isotope analyses of nitrogen and carbon of fecal matter. Where the invasive armored catfish occurred, it was the main prey item for L. longicaudis. Particularly in the river outside of protected areas seven years after the first report of the catfish, where it accounted for 49% of the otter diet. Concordance was found between the two techniques to estimate dietary niche breadth and trophic level. The dietary niche breath of otters was narrower seven years after the invasion in comparison to two years after the invasion in both invaded rivers, but, the extent of the reduction was less inside the protected area. Finally, the trophic level of otters also showed a reduction related to the occurrence of the armored catfish on their diet.\n\nResumenComo producto de las actividades humanas algunas especies han expandido su distribucion hacia areas que historicamente eran dificil o imposible de alcanzar mediante de dispersion natural. Estas especies pueden convertirse en invasoras si establecen exitosamente poblaciones reproductivas. La depredacion es una de las principales barreras que las especies exoticas deben afrontar en las areas recientemente colonizadas. Evaluamos los efectos de una especie invasora (el pez diablo: Pterygoplichtys sp.) sobre la amplitud de nicho alimenticio y el nivel trofico de un depredador nativo (la nutria de rio Neo-tropical: Lontra longicaudis) en el norte de Guatemala. Examinamos las excretas de nutrias provenientes de tres rios: dos donde el pez diablo se encuentra presente y uno donde este invasor aun esta ausente. Las muestras fueron colectadas dos y siete anos despues del primer reporte de del pez diablo en le area. Realizamos un analisis macroscopico de las excretas y analisis de isotopos estables de nitrogeno y carbono de la materia fecal. Donde el pez diablo invasor estaba presente, fue el principal item alimenticio de L. longicaudis. Particularmente en el rio ubicado fuera de areas protegidas siete anos despues del primer reporte del pez diablo, donde este consistio en el 49% de la dieta de la nutria. Encontramos concordancia entre las dos tecnicas para estimar la amplitud de nicho dietario y nivel trofico. La amplitud de nicho dietario de las nutrias fue mas angosto siete anos despues de la invasion en comparacion con dos anos luego de la invasion en ambos rios invadidos, pero la magnitud de la reduccion fue inferior dentro del area protegida. Finalmente, observamos una reduccion en el nivel trofico de las nutrias relacionada con la ocurrencia del pez diablo en su dieta.

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BibTeXRIS

Juarez-Sanchez, D., Blake, J. G., Hellgren, E. C.. 2019-05-20. Variation in neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis) diet: Effects of an invasive prey species.. https://doi.org/10.1101/644203

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