EphA7 functions as a receptor for cell-to-cell transmission of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus into BJAB B cells and for cell-free virus infection by the related rhesus monkey rhadinovirus

Abstract

Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposis sarcoma and is associated with two B cell malignancies, primary effusion lymphoma and the plasmablastic variant of multicentric Castlemans disease. EphA2 functions as a cellular receptor for the gH/gL glycoprotein complex of KSHV for several adherent cell types. KSHV gH/gL was previously shown to also weakly interact with other members of the Eph family of receptors. Whether these interactions are of functional consequence remained unclear so far, even if other A-type Ephs were shown to be able to compensate for absence of EphA2 in overexpression systems. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that endogenously expressed EphA7 in BJAB B cells is critical for the cell-to-cell transmission of KSHV from producer iSLK cells to BJAB target cells. The BJAB lymphoblastoid cell line often serves as a model for B cell infection and expresses only low levels of all Eph family receptors other than EphA7. Endogenous EphA7 could be precipitated from the cellular lysate of BJAB cells using recombinant gH/gL, and knockout of EphA7 significantly reduced transmission of KSHV into BJAB target cells by over 80%. Finally, we demonstrate that receptor function of EphA7 is conserved between cell-to-cell transmission of KSHV and cell-free infection by the related rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), which is relatively even more dependent on EphA7 for infection of BJAB cells.\n\nIMPORTANCEInfection of B cells is biologically relevant for two KSHV-associated malignancies, the plasmablastic variant of multicentric Castlemans disease (MCD) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Elucidating the process of B cell infection is therefore important to understand the pathogenesis of these diseases. For various types of adherent cells, EphA2 has been shown by several groups to function as an entry receptor that is engaged by the gH/gL glycoprotein complex. Our previous findings indicate that KSHV does not only interact with EphA2, but can also bind to other members of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases with comparatively lower avidity. We now analyzed the requirement of Eph interactions for infection of the BJAB B cell line, a model for infection of B cells by KSHV. We identify EphA7 as the principal Eph receptor for infection of this model B cell line by both KSHV and the related rhesus monkey rhadinovirus.