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bioRxiv · 10.1101/358051

Peak p-values and false discovery rate inference in neuroimaging

Schwartzman, A.·Telschow, F.
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Abstract

Peaks are a mainstay of neuroimage analysis for reporting localization results. The current peak detection procedure in SPM12 requires a pre-threshold for approximating p-values and a false discovery rate (FDR) nominal level for inference. However, the pre-threshold is an undesirable feature, while the FDR level is meaningless if the signal is assumed to be nonzero everywhere. This article provides: 1) a peak height distribution for smooth Gaussian error fields that does not require a screening pre-threshold; 2) a signal-plus-noise model where FDR of peaks can be controlled and properly interpreted. Matlab code for calculation of p-values using the exact peak height distribution is available as an SPM extension.

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Schwartzman, A., Telschow, F.. 2018-06-28. Peak p-values and false discovery rate inference in neuroimaging. https://doi.org/10.1101/358051

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