CryoEM Structures of Antibodies Elicited by Germline-Targeting HIV MPER Epitope-Scaffolds

Abstract

Applying cryoEM to small protein complexes is usually challenging due to their lack of features for particle alignment. Here, we characterized antibody responses to 21 kDa HIV membrane-proximal external region germline-targeting (MPER-GT) immunogens through cryoEM by complexing them with 10E8 or Fabs derived from MPER-GT immunized animals. Distinct antibody-antigen interactions were analyzed using atomic models generated from cryoEM maps. Mutagenesis screening revealed off-target mAbs that do not compete with 10E8 bind non-MPER epitopes, and the two most dominant epitopes were verified by cryoEM. The structures of 10E8-class on-target Fabs showed binding patterns that resemble the YxFW motif in the 10E8 HCDR3 loop. Additionally, we demonstrate that high-resolution maps can be generated from heterogeneous samples with pooled competing Fabs. Overall, our findings will facilitate the optimization of MPER GT-antigens and push the size limit for cryoEM-based epitope mapping with smaller antigens and heterogeneous antibody mixes. HighlightsO_LIElucidate the structural basis of increased 10E8 affinity to GT12 over GT10.2 C_LIO_LICryoEM epitope mapping reveals three main binding sites on MPER-GT immunogens C_LIO_LIProof of concept for application of CryoEM epitope mapping to small immunogens C_LIO_LIStructural characterization and MD analysis confirms 10E8-like interactions of the MPER-specific Fabs C_LI