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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2025.08.01.668093

Robust and replicable effects of ageing on resting state brain electrophysiology measured with MEG.

Quinn, A. J.·Pitt, J.·Kohl, O.·Gohil, C.·van Es, M. W. J.·Nobre, A. C.·Woolrich, M. W.
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Abstract

Non-invasive recordings using brain electrophysiology provide credible insights into decline in neuronal functioning with age. New approaches are required to translate these results into compelling clinical metrics and meet the global challenge of preserving brain health in ageing. Changes in neuronal dynamics with ageing are observable in the power spectra of EEG and MEG recordings. Highly promising candidates for electrophysiological markers have been identified, but progress is hindered by substantial methodological variability across studies. This makes it challenging to establish a clear consensus on the frequency, location, and direction of any single reported effect within the larger body of research. We estimate a full-frequency whole-head profile of the ageing effect on eyes-closed resting-state MEG using the GLM-Spectrum. This data representation is easily sharable, facilitates meta-analyses and provides a framework for estimating statistical power of age effects for future study planning. We use this to show that the effect of age replicates across open-access MEG datasets and is robust to modelling of common covariates. Distinct components within the full frequency profile have different effect sizes, indicating that sample-size planning for ageing effects must consider the specific features of interest. The frequency profile of ageing is strongly robust to a range of common covariates and partially robust to modelling of grey matter volume. We establish that what seems a well-powered study may become underpowered when analyses target an age effect that is linearly separable from an age-relevant covariate such as grey matter volume. These results provide a pathway towards formal comparison and assessment of candidate markers for brain health in ageing. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=151 SRC="FIGDIR/small/668093v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (37K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a9c351org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@563837org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@84b898org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1730472_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIThere is a strong effect of ageing across the adult lifespan on neuronal oscillations across a range of frequencies and spatial locations. C_LIO_LIThe effect is replicable across multiple open-access datasets. C_LIO_LIThe effect is robust to a range of sources of inter-subject variability. C_LIO_LIThe age effect has heterogeneous effect size across space and frequency with implications for future study planning. C_LI

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Quinn, A. J., Pitt, J., Kohl, O., Gohil, C., van Es, M. W. J., Nobre, A. C., Woolrich, M. W.. 2025-08-01. Robust and replicable effects of ageing on resting state brain electrophysiology measured with MEG.. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.08.01.668093

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