Advanced human iPSC-based modelling of LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy enables development of targeted genetic therapies for muscle laminopathies

Abstract

LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD) is amongst the most severe forms of laminopathies, which are diseases caused by pathogenic variants in the LMNA gene. LMNA encodes the proteins Lamin A and C, which assemble with Lamin B1 and B2 to form the nuclear lamina: a meshwork providing structural stability to the nucleus that also regulates chromatin organisation and gene expression. Research into L-CMD mechanisms and therapies is hindered by lack of humanised, tissue-specific models that accurately recapitulate disease phenotypes. We previously reported that LMNA-mutant induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived skeletal muscle cells have nuclear shape abnormalities and Lamin A/C protein mislocalisation. Here, we expand the selection of L-CMD patient- derived iPSCs and validate disease-associated readouts using a transgene-free based protocol which more accurately mimics skeletal myogenesis. Results showed no overt defects in developmental myogenesis, but recapitulation of pathological nuclear shape abnormalities in 2D and 3D cultures, nuclear envelope protein mislocalisation and transcriptomic alterations across multiple pathogenic LMNA variants. We then utilised this platform to assess LMNA gene editing strategies. CRISPR-based exon removal generated stable RNA and protein Lamin A/C species, without significant normalisation of nuclear morphological phenotypes or transcriptomic profile. Conversely, precise editing of the same mutation showed complete reversal of disease-associated nuclear morphometrics, alongside normalisation of the pro-inflammatory transcriptomic signature. Our data provide the foundation for a humanised in vitro disease and therapy modelling platform for this complex and severe muscle disorder. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=81 SRC="FIGDIR/small/660928v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (15K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@134276forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@108f44forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@dfa04eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1956a90_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG HIGHLIGHTSO_LILMNA-mutant iPSCs undergo efficient skeletal myogenesis upon transgene-free, small molecule-based lineage-directed differentiation C_LIO_LIL-CMD iPSCs recapitulate hallmark disease-associated nuclear phenotypes and show a pro-inflammatory transcriptional profile C_LIO_LIDisease modelling platforms based on iPSC-derived skeletal muscle cells enable comparative testing of gene editing strategies C_LIO_LICRISPR-edited L-CMD iPSC-derived myogenic cells show amelioration of disease-associated readouts C_LI