Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Four ECM-Associated Genes in Recurrence and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer

Avcıoglu, B. S. D.; Charyyeva, S.; Erdogan, B. D.; Kaymaz, O.; Durhan, A.; Aksel, B.; Yazıcı, O.; Savas, B.; Ensari, A.; Kıvrak, H.; Engin, E. D.; Belder, N.; Özdag, H.

doi:10.1101/2025.01.13.632700

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2025.01.13.632700

Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Four ECM-Associated Genes in Recurrence and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer

Avcıoglu, B. S. D.·Charyyeva, S.·Erdogan, B. D.·Kaymaz, O.·Durhan, A.·Aksel, B.·Yazıcı, O.·Savas, B.·Ensari, A.·Kıvrak, H.·Engin, E. D.·Belder, N.·Özdag, H.

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is a significant public health issue due to its high incidence and high mortality rate, especially when diagnosed late. Identifying new biomarkers that can predict the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC is critical to reducing the mortality rate of the disease. This study tested the relationship of four extracellular matrix genes (COL1A1, COL5A1, THBS2 and FN1) with CRC prognosis at the mRNA and protein levels. Our previous studies identified these genes as candidate prognostic biomarkers for CRC. They were analysed in two cohorts: retrospective (130 CRC tumours and 70 healthy colon tissues) and prospective (160 paired tumours and normal tissues with 180 CRC serum samples). Accordingly, in the retrospective cohort, COL1A1 (p>0.0001), COL5A1 (p>0.0001), THBS2 (0.0001) and FN1 (0.001) were expressed at higher levels in tumours compared to controls by qRT-PCR and in metastatic cases compared to non-metastatic cases. In the same cohort, immunohistochemistry analysis showed that increasing protein levels of COL1A1 and FN1 correlated with mRNA levels. In addition, high COL1A1 mRNA levels were associated with OS (p>0.011), RFS (p>0.0001), and DMFS (p>0.0001), high COL5A1 mRNA levels were associated with OS (0.042), RFS (0.013), DMFS (p>0.003) and high FN1 levels were associated with DMFS (p>0.039). In the prospective cohort, COL1A1, COL5A1 and THBS2 were found to be higher in tumour tissue compared to matched normal tissue and in metastatic tumours compared to primary tumours by qRT-PCR in 160 tumours and matched normal tissues. In this cohort, FN1 levels were unexpectedly higher in normal tissues than in tumour tissues. In the prospective cohort, where 180 CRC serum samples were also tested by ELISA, COL1A1 (p>0.0001), COL5A1 (p>0.05), and THBS2 (p>0.05) levels were higher in metastatic cases than in the sera of non-metastatic cases. As a result, this study associated COL1A1, COL5A1 and THBS2 genes, which have different data on their prognostic effects in the literature, with poor prognosis of CRC at both mRNA and protein levels.

Explore related subjects

cancer biology Preprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

Avcıoglu, B. S. D., Charyyeva, S., Erdogan, B. D., Kaymaz, O., Durhan, A., Aksel, B., Yazıcı, O., Savas, B., Ensari, A., Kıvrak, H., Engin, E. D., Belder, N., Özdag, H.. 2025-01-14. Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Four ECM-Associated Genes in Recurrence and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.13.632700

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

Epigenetic progression of pancreatic cancer to aggressive subtypes involves alternate routes of lineage reprogramming in subtype-intermediate progenitor cells

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression involves malignant cell state plasticity. Epigenetic changes underlie this plasticity, yet the PDAC cis-regulatory landscape remains understudied. To address this, we profiled 33 primary tumors and 7 metastases from 39 patients with single-cell ATAC-seq, paired with 10 single-cell RNA-seq profiles. We found that epigenetic GATA6+/KRT17+ co-accessibility identifies a classical-basal subtype-intermediate progenitor state (SIP) associated with better clinical outcomes. SIP cells display limited epigenetic reprogramming from premalignant epithelium and retain gastric-intestinal differentiation reminiscent of neoplastic precursors. Lineages without GATA6+/KRT17+ co-accessibility exhibit greater lineage and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Classical PDACs that repress basal gene accessibility activate neural-like progenitor (NRP) and tuft lineage enhancers, whereas basal committed tumors display esophageal transdifferentiation. Compared to SIP, classical-NRP and basal committed tumors have poorer outcomes, and show distinct PD-1/PD-L1 immune proteomic phenotypes and prognostic myofibroblast epigenetic states, respectively. Our work reveals links between lineage reprogramming, EMT, and epigenetic progression in human PDAC.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Tissue resident CD4+ memory T-cells mark response to immune checkpoint inhibition in high-grade glioma

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are efficacious in many solid tumors, but response in glioma is restricted to a small subgroup. The determinants of response and resistance to ICI remain poorly understood. Methods: Here we exploit a syngeneic hypermutated high-grade glioma model with dichotomous response to combined PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibition to unravel determinants of tumor-infiltrating T-cells driving response. Tumor-infiltrating T-cells from ICI-responsive and non-responsive tumors were analyzed by single-cell RNA and T-cell receptor sequencing and tumor-reactive T-cell receptor clonotypes were functionally validated to characterize their transcriptional phenotypes. We verify our findings in IDH1 wildtype glioblastoma patients treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. Results: ICI response was associated with intratumoral clonal expansion of tumor-reactive cytotoxic T-cells and increased infiltration of CXCR6+ CD4+ tissue resident memory T-cells (Trm). CD4 stem-like memory T-cells in responding tumors demonstrated elevated interferon responses, following trajectories toward clonally expanded Trm, versus trajectories toward exhaustion in non-responsive tumors. In responsive tumors, CD4+ Trm interacted with infiltrating CXCR3+ tumor-reactive and clonally expanded, yet transcriptionally versatile cytotoxic T-cells. Probing the post neoadjuvant ICI high-grade glioma patient tissue dataset, we confirmed increased CXCR6 expression in CD4+ T cells and the association of CD4+ Trm with prolonged overall survival. Conclusion: These findings identify CD4 tissue-resident memory T-cells as determinants of ICI response in IDH1 wildtype high-grade glioma and warrant their further investigation to improve immunotherapy outcomes.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Low-dose doxorubicin drives caveolin-1 depended re-epithelialization of breast cancer cells as a mechanism of cancer plasticity

Breast cancer progression is driven by dynamic changes in epithelial plasticity, membrane organization, and intracellular signaling, yet the effects of sustained low-dose chemotherapy on these processes remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of prolonged low-dose doxorubicin on membrane remodeling, epithelial phenotype, membrane-associated Ras lipid-anchor localization, and autophagy in mesenchymal-like MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Low-dose doxorubicin significantly increased Caveolin-1 expression and enhanced E-cadherin protein levels, accompanied by a transition toward a more compact epithelial-like morphology with increased cell-cell contacts. Live-cell imaging demonstrated a significant reduction in the membrane-to-cytoplasm fluorescence ratio of the lipid-anchored GFP-tH probe, indicating redistribution from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm following treatment. Analysis of autophagy-related proteins revealed decreased LC3-I together with increased LC3-II, ATG5, and p62 expression, consistent with autophagosome accumulation and impaired autophagic flux. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that low-dose doxorubicin promotes extensive remodeling of plasma membrane organization, epithelial plasticity, membrane-associated lipid-anchor localization, and autophagy. This integrated response reveals previously unrecognized links between membrane architecture, Ras membrane association, and autophagy during phenotypic reprogramming of breast cancer cells, providing mechanistic insight into cellular adaptations elicited by sub-cytotoxic doxorubicin exposure.

cancer biology↗