The PST repeat region of MDC1 is a tunable multivalent chromatin tethering domain

Abstract

DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are widely considered the most cytotoxic DNA lesions occurring in cells because they physically disrupt the connectivity of the DNA double helix. Homologous recombination (HR) is a high-fidelity DSB repair pathway that copies the sequence spanning the DNA break from a homologous template, most commonly the sister chromatid. How both DNA ends, and the sister chromatid are held in close proximity during HR is unknown. Here we demonstrate that the PST repeat region of MDC1 is a mutlivalent nucleosome binding domain, sufficient to tether chromatin in multiple contexts. In mitotic cells the affinity of the PST repeats for chromatin is downregulated by phosphorylation to prevent chromosome missegregation, while still contributing to DNA break tethering by the MDC1-TOPBP1-CIP2A complex. In interphase, the PST repeat region is critical for RAD51 focus formation but not the recruitment of 53BP1 to DNA breaks, consistent with a chromatin tethering function. In total, this work demonstrates that the PST repeat region of MDC1 is a multivalent chromatin binding domain with tunable affinity that contributes to DNA break tethering during HR and in mitosis.