Search bioRxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2024.12.31.630890

Trogocytosis-mediated transfer of FOLR2 from Nurse-like cells to CLL cells is linked to their activation and proliferation

Domagala, M.·Gerby, B.·Bazile, C.·Ysebaert, L.·Pancaldi, V.·Laurent, C.·Poupot, M.
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Communication with the lymphoid microenvironment is crucial for survival and proliferation of neoplastic B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this study, we examined nurse-like cells (NLCs), CLL-specific macrophages, strongly implicated in CLL pathogenesis, and their interaction with leukemic cells. Using primary patient cells, we demonstrated that NLCs express high levels of folate receptor beta (FOLR2), which correlates with increased survival of cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, we discovered that CLL cells acquire functional FOLR2 from NLCs via trogocytosis, enhancing their folate uptake. By mimicking the CLL microenvironment with soluble factors, CD40L and IL-15, we observed a strong NLC-dependent CLL cell activation and proliferation. Moreover, we linked this phenomenon with trogocytosis, by demonstrating that FOLR2+ CLL cells are the predominant population of actively cycling cancer cells. By multiplex immunofluorescence analysis of CLL patient lymph nodes, we confirmed the presence of FOLR2 NLCs, and observed their enrichment in more aggressive and proliferative CLL cases. Finally, we detected FOLR2 cancer cells, providing evidence of trogocytosis in situ. Taken together, we propose FOLR2 as a novel marker of protective NLCs, and highlight the importance of trogocytosis in improved CLL cell adaptation, including NLC-mediated activation and proliferation. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=58 SRC="FIGDIR/small/630890v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (22K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cde6d6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ee0f67org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1355cb3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@590b29_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG O_FLOATNOScheme 1.C_FLOATNO Schematic representation of trogocytosis-mediated acquisition of NLC-derived FOLR2 by CLL cells, and its impact on promoting cancer cell adaptability to folate deprivation. 1) CLL cells enter the lymph node (LN) and engage in contact with FOLR2+ NLCs. 2) The presence of T cell- and stromal cell-derived cytokines, CD40L and IL-15 promotes the activation and trogocytosis-mediated acquisition of FOLR2 by CLL cells. 3) FOLR2 trogocytic CLL cells have an advantage in folate acquisition and show increased proliferation compared to the remaining population of cancer cells C_FIG SUMMARYO_LICLL cells acquire functional FOLR2 from NLCs via trogocytosis, a process that is closely linked with enhanced CLL cell activation and proliferation in vitro C_LIO_LIIncreased Frequency of FOLR2 expressing macrophages in more aggressive and proliferative cases of CLL. C_LIO_LIFOLR2 is a marker of M2-like protective NLCs in vitro C_LI

Explore related subjects

cancer biologyPreprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Domagala, M., Gerby, B., Bazile, C., Ysebaert, L., Pancaldi, V., Laurent, C., Poupot, M.. 2025-01-02. Trogocytosis-mediated transfer of FOLR2 from Nurse-like cells to CLL cells is linked to their activation and proliferation. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.12.31.630890

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

Tissue resident CD4+ memory T-cells mark response to immune checkpoint inhibition in high-grade glioma

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are efficacious in many solid tumors, but response in glioma is restricted to a small subgroup. The determinants of response and resistance to ICI remain poorly understood. Methods: Here we exploit a syngeneic hypermutated high-grade glioma model with dichotomous response to combined PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibition to unravel determinants of tumor-infiltrating T-cells driving response. Tumor-infiltrating T-cells from ICI-responsive and non-responsive tumors were analyzed by single-cell RNA and T-cell receptor sequencing and tumor-reactive T-cell receptor clonotypes were functionally validated to characterize their transcriptional phenotypes. We verify our findings in IDH1 wildtype glioblastoma patients treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. Results: ICI response was associated with intratumoral clonal expansion of tumor-reactive cytotoxic T-cells and increased infiltration of CXCR6+ CD4+ tissue resident memory T-cells (Trm). CD4 stem-like memory T-cells in responding tumors demonstrated elevated interferon responses, following trajectories toward clonally expanded Trm, versus trajectories toward exhaustion in non-responsive tumors. In responsive tumors, CD4+ Trm interacted with infiltrating CXCR3+ tumor-reactive and clonally expanded, yet transcriptionally versatile cytotoxic T-cells. Probing the post neoadjuvant ICI high-grade glioma patient tissue dataset, we confirmed increased CXCR6 expression in CD4+ T cells and the association of CD4+ Trm with prolonged overall survival. Conclusion: These findings identify CD4 tissue-resident memory T-cells as determinants of ICI response in IDH1 wildtype high-grade glioma and warrant their further investigation to improve immunotherapy outcomes.

cancer biology↗
bioRxiv2026

Circadian gene-network distortion in high-risk neuroblastoma across multiple biological reference contexts

Background: The circadian clock regulates cellular homeostasis, and its disruption has been implicated in aggressive neuroblastoma, particularly in tumours harbouring MYCN- amplification. However, it remains unclear whether alterations are restricted to individual clock genes or extend to circadian gene network coordination. We therefore examined circadian clock network disruption in adverse neuroblastoma across multiple biological contexts. Methods: We estimated circadian gene network dysregulation using Delta-CCD in tumours from two neuroblastoma cohorts (SEQC n=498 and Kocak n=649), comparing clinical features associated with outcome across canonical, adrenal-tissue matched, and developmental references. Robustness was assessed by cross-cohort meta-analysis and leave-one-gene-out analyses. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for clinical covariates assessed association between individual clock gene expression patient outcome. Results: Delta-CCD was highest in tumours classified as high-risk (study-specific definition) across reference contexts in both cohorts. MYCN-amplified tumours showed a more reference-dependent pattern, strongest in adrenal context, while stage 4 tumours showed a similar but weaker pattern. Additional analyses supported the high-risk signal as a distributed network-level alteration rather than a single-gene phenomenon. Conclusions: High-risk neuroblastoma is characterised by robust disruption of coordinated clock gene network organisation across canonical and tissue-matched references, extending beyond individual clock genes. The extent of circadian dysregulation depends on the reference state used.

cancer biology↗
bioRxiv2026

BAP1 loss and PRAME expression converge to remodel the tumor-immune ecosystem during uveal melanoma progression

Uveal melanoma (UM) is characterized by a small number of recurrent genetic alterations that determine metastatic propensity. BAP1 loss and PRAME expression define the dominant prognostic axes in UM, yet how they promote malignant progression remains unclear. We profiled 190,535 cells from normal uvea, uveal nevus, primary and metastatic UM using single-cell transcriptomics, T cell receptor sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and isogenic perturbation models. Normal melanocytes, nevus cells and UM cells formed a transcriptional continuum marked by loss of differentiation and emergence of neural crest-like, stress-responsive, hypoxic-glycolytic and immune-interacting states. BAP1 loss and PRAME expression imposed distinct but convergent immunoregulatory programs, inducing interferon and TNF-NFkB signaling and MHC-I expression, with HLA-E showing the strongest response. These alterations were accompanied by macrophage and CD8+ T cell remodeling. PRAME-enriched tumor regions formed spatially organized niches enriched for macrophages and plasma cells. These findings define BAP1 loss and PRAME expression as distinct but convergent axes of tumor-immune coevolution and nominate HLA-E as a candidate mediator of immune resistance.

cancer biology↗