Search bioRxiv⌕ Search

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2024.11.23.624971

Diet and trophic niche partitioning of three aerial hawking bat species in Venezuela

Abstract

Coexistence among Neotropical insectivorous bats (IB) that share roosts, foraging areas, and prey likely relies on processes promoting trophic niche divergence. We examined the diet and activity times of three coexisting IB species (Molossus molossus, Neoeptesicus furinalis, and Myotis nigricans) in Venezuelan rice fields in Northwestern Llanos to assess dietary and temporal overlap. Using published sources, we categorized prey by hardness and flight speed, bats by bite force and functional group, and examined the relationships among these variables. IB species showed differences in prey composition, type, and activity timing. As expected from its fast flight and strong bite, M. molossus diet consisted primarily of fast-flying, highly sclerotized insects, with activity times peaking significantly earlier than in the other two bat species. In contrast, M. nigricans and N. furinalis had diets consisting primarily of slower-flying prey and showed high temporal overlap in activity, although with different peak foraging times. Notably, N. furinaliss stronger bite may have enabled it to exploit more sclerotized prey than M. nigricans, despite similar flight capabilities--indicating that prey hardness helps reduce dietary overlap. These findings suggest that fine-scale trophic niche partitioning, enhanced by the rich insect fauna of rice fields, facilitates the coexistence of these ecomorphologically distinct IB species. Flexibilidad trofica favorece la coexistencia de tres especies de murcielagos cazadores aereos en cultivos de arroz de Venezuela. Teaser TextWe simultaneously identified prey items in feces and measured the activity times of three aerial-hawking bat species in Neotropical rice fields. We then explored the relationships between these variables and the functional traits of both prey and predators, confirming that coexistence might be facilitated by highly productive environments. RESUMENLa coexistencia entre murcielagos insectivoros (MI) neotropicales que comparten refugios, areas de forrajeo y presas probablemente depende de procesos que promueven la divergencia del nicho trofico. Examinamos la dieta y los tiempos de actividad de tres especies coexistentes de MI (Molossus molossus, Neoeptesicus furinalis y Myotis nigricans) en arrozales de los Llanos Noroccidentales de Venezuela para evaluar superposicion dietaria y temporal. Utilizando publicaciones, categorizamos a las presas segun su dureza y velocidad de vuelo, a los murcielagos segun su fuerza de mordida y grupo funcional, y examinamos las relaciones entre estas variables. Las especies de MI mostraron diferencias en la composicion, tipo de presas y tiempo de actividad. Como se esperaba por su vuelo rapido y mordida fuerte, la dieta de M. molossus consistio principalmente en insectos de vuelo rapido y esclerotizacion alta, con tiempos de actividad que alcanzaron un maximo significativamente antes que en las otras dos especies de murcielagos. En contraste, M. nigricans and N. furinalis tuvieron dietas que consistieron principalmente en presas de vuelo lento que mostraron una alta superposicion temporal en la actividad, aunque con distintos tiempos de forrajeo maximo. Cabe destacar que la mordida mas fuerte de N. furinalis pudo haberle permitido explotar presas mas esclerotizadas que M. nigricans, a pesar de sus capacidades de vuelo similares, lo que indica que la dureza de las presas ayuda a reducir la superposicion dietaria. Estos hallazgos sugieren que una particion fina del nicho trofico, facilitada por la rica fauna de insectos en los cultivos de arroz, promueve la coexistencia de estas especies de MI ecomorfologicamente distintas. Palabras clavecultivos, humedales artificiales, metabarcoding, murcielagos insectivoros, tiempo de actividad.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Azofeifa Romero, Y., Nassar, J. M., Mavarez, J.. 2024-11-25. Diet and trophic niche partitioning of three aerial hawking bat species in Venezuela. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.23.624971

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

Operationalising the context in regenerative agriculture: decision-making and farm variability

Soil degradation is a widespread challenge that requires a broad response at the individual farm level. To ensure effectivity, the practices should be tailored to the farm context: land manager objectives and farm specific challenges. These have however been difficult to quantify. Here we demonstrate that a workable farm context can be created based on a value survey, open satellite and soil data, and published models for vegetation gross primary productivity and soil erosion. Based on the findings, despite individual differences, farmers value profitability and operational efficiency, but also biodiversity and soil health. At least the regenerative farmers surveyed also value working for the greater good more than maintaining tradition or power. In spite of wide differences in farm production orientation, we also found that each farm also had a broad variation in individual fields GPP. Most fields have a stable GPP level, which is either high or low, and that there is a 2-3-fold difference between the weakest and best producing fields indicating the potential for improving GPP by improving the growing conditions on currently weak fields. In addition, soil loss was found to be highly concentrated in critical source areas, where 10% of the field area contributed to 50% of the soil loss. Overall, open data can be linked to modelling workflows to rapidly produce a decision-making context for farmers. This facilitates benchmarking and co-learning as well as enables land managers and advisors to identify the farm context for planning effective responses to soil degradation.

ecology↗

Fly, land, listen: Autonomous intermittent locomotion enables scalable low-noise drone ecoacoustic surveys

Ecoacoustic monitoring is enabling scientists and land managers to monitor and manage biodiversity more effectively and cost-efficiently in the face of human pressures and rapidly changing climates. Currently, most ecoacoustic surveys use manually deployed static sensors to record data, limiting the scale and reach of surveying efforts. Here we present a proof-of-concept autonomous drone platform that can use intermittent locomotion to conduct ecoacoustic surveys using an onboard sensor. Our custom prototype is able to fly, navigate, and avoid obstacles autonomously, land at a pre-determined location, record audio from an onboard microphone whilst static, before taking off and moving to the next sampling site. Autonomous navigation and operation enable greater sampling flexibility, reach, and scalability. Furthermore, by recording audio only whilst landed, noise from the drone's rotors does not mask signals or disturb animals, simplifying signal processing and downstream ecological analyses. We conducted trials in a scrubland habitat at the Knepp Estate in West Sussex, where our prototype demonstrated successful autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance. Furthermore, we found that avian biodiversity data collected from the drone platform was comparable to that from traditional static acoustic sensor deployments, and that vocalisation patterns were not significantly impacted by the noise of the drone arriving or leaving a site. While scaled deployments of our technology would require further technical and regulatory challenges to be solved, our first demonstration of autonomous intermittent robotics-assisted ecoacoustic surveys lays the foundations for more cost-effective and far-reaching biodiversity surveys, with transformative potential for conservation, agricultural management, biosecurity, and more.

ecology↗

Do higher-order moments improve inference of population dynamics?

Fitting mathematical models of population dynamics to microbial time-series data allows us to estimate the ecological processes and interactions taking place in the microbiome. Repeated experiments of microbial systems yield replicates which slightly differ from each other. Some of this variability arises due to the fact that births and deaths occur at random. Most prior work focuses on fitting a deterministic mathematical model to the average across replicates. We use a stochastic model to fit the variability to the observed variability across replicates. Using a simulation-driven approach, we study the conditions under which our approach allows us to infer a larger fraction of ecological parameters correctly. We observe a substantial improvement in parameter inference. Lastly, our Bayesian approach not only allows us to incorporate prior information about the system, but also provides a distribution of parameters which conveys some idea of the uncertainty of the estimates.

ecology↗