Using a Deep Learning Approach for Model-based Control of Deep Brain Stimulation

Saradhi, S.; Tian, Y.; Rezaei, M. R.; Lankarany, M.

doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.620970

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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2024.10.29.620970

Using a Deep Learning Approach for Model-based Control of Deep Brain Stimulation

Saradhi, S.·Tian, Y.·Rezaei, M. R.·Lankarany, M.

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Abstract

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been developed as a treatment method for various neurological disorders, including Parkinsons disease, essential tremor and depression. Although DBS is effective, it often loses efficacy over sustained periods because a constant stimulation is applied without adapting to the patients current clinical state. In contrast, an adaptive closed-loop DBS system can offer more tailored stimulation in real-time based on a feedback biomarker. In early 2024, we developed a model-based DBS control framework that consists of three main functions: (1) a biophysically reasonable encoding model, (2) a simple decoding model, and (3) a controller. We used a polynomial fit function in the decoding model to approximate the neural-motor relationship, from DBS-induced Vim neural activity to muscle fiber electromyography (EMG). Despite promising results, the polynomial method is inaccurate in capturing the full representation of the neural-motor (EMG) function across different DBS frequencies. In this work, to capture the nonlinear intricate relationship between the neural and EMG patterns, we developed a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1-D CNN) as a decoding model to predict the EMG signal directly from the DBS-induced Vim neural activity. The 1-D CNN network outputted a high R2 value of 0.997 which significantly outperformed the polynomial method (R2 = 0.277) and a deep learning approach based on long short-term memory (R2 = 0.296). We anticipate that our work highlights the need for a data-driven approach that can reliably map neural activities to symptomatic signals like EMG for better adjusting DBS parameters.

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Saradhi, S., Tian, Y., Rezaei, M. R., Lankarany, M.. 2024-10-31. Using a Deep Learning Approach for Model-based Control of Deep Brain Stimulation. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.29.620970

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