Cyclic Electromagnetic DNA Simulation (CEDS) can regulate the Functions of Oncogenesis-related miRNAs and DNA Motifs: Protein Signaling Pathways in RAW 264.7 Cells detected by IP-HPLC Analysis

Abstract

Based on the hydrogen bonding magnetic resonance (HBMR) in double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) exhibiting unique base pair polarities, Cyclic Electromagnetic DNA Simulation (CEDS)1 was designed to target nine miRNAs and four protein binding site sequences, which are known to have an anti-oncogenic or oncogenic role in cells. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured and treated with CEDS at 20-25 Gauss in a 5% CO2 and 37 incubator for 20 min. Besides the cytological observation, the expressions of murine miRNAs and proteins were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC) using 350 antisera, respectively. The results demonstrated that CEDS was found to increase the number of the corresponding mature and primary miRNAs and influenced the protein signaling in cells. For example, miR-34a-5p*-CEDS was able to downregulate 59 out of 43 target proteins (72.9%), and attenuated RAS-NFkB signaling axis, which subsequently led to the inactivation of proliferation-related signaling axis, protection-ER stress-survival signaling axis, telomere-glycolysis-fibrosis signaling axis, and FAS- and PARP-mediated apoptosis signaling axis. Conversely, miR-34a-5p*-CEDS activated the p53/Rb/E2F1-SHH/PTCH/GLI-Notch/Jagged proliferation signaling axis, epigenetic modification-RAS-p53 associated apoptosis signaling axis, and oncogenesis-senescence-innate immunity-chronic inflammation signaling axis. Among nine CEDS targeting mature miRNAs, miR-150-5p*-CEDSs exhibited a potent anti-oncogenic effect on RAW 264.7 cells, while miR-34a-5p*-, miR-181a-5p*-, miR-216a-5p*-, miR-365a-3p*-, and miR-655-3p*-CEDSs exhibited a dual effect, inducing both anti-oncogenic and oncogenic effects. Conversely, miR-155-5p*-CEDS appears to induce marked oncogenic effect, rather than anti-oncogenic effect. Among four CEDS targeting protein binding site sequences, p53 binding site sequence AGACATGCCT*-CEDS induced an oncogenic effect by upregulating proliferation, telomere, and oncogenesis signaling, while concomitantly inducing an anti-oncogenic effect by downregulating RAS and NFkB signaling and upregulating p53- and PARP-mediated apoptosis. Canonical E2Fs binding site sequence TTTC(C/G)CGC*-CEDS facilitated an oncogenic effect by enhancing RAS and NFkB signaling, resulting in the upregulation of proliferation, telomere, and senescence signaling. Consequently, it was found that CEDS using a miRNA or protein binding site sequence impacted the protein signaling in RAW 264.7 cells in a sequence-specific manner. It is therefore proposed that CEDS can target miRNAs and DNA motifs, influencing their hybridization and conformation, and subsequently regulate the protein signaling in the cells.