R(+) Propranolol decreases lipid accumulation in hemangioma-derived stem cells

Abstract

BackgroundInfantile hemangioma (IH) is a benign vascular tumor that undergoes an initial rapid growth phase followed by spontaneous involution. A fibrofatty residuum remains in many tumors and often necessitates resection. We recently discovered that R(+) propranolol, the non-{beta} blocker enantiomer, inhibits blood vessel formation of IH patient-derived hemangioma stem cells (HemSC) xenografted in mice. HemSC are multipotent cells with the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells, pericytes, and adipocytes. ObjectivesWe investigated how R(+) propranolol affects HemSC adipogenic differentiation and lipid accumulation, in vitro and in a preclinical murine model for IH. MethodsWe conducted a 10-day adipogenesis assay on 4 IH patient-derived HemSCs. Oil Red O (ORO) staining was used to identify the onset and level of lipid accumulation in HemSC while quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to determine the temporal expression of key factors implicated in adipogenesis. 5-20{micro}M R(+) propranolol treatment was added to HemSC induced to undergo adiogenesis for 4 and 8 days, followed by quantification of lipid-stained areas and transcript levels of key adipogenic factors. We immunostained for lipid droplet-associated protein Perilipin 1 (PLIN1) in HemSC-xenograft sections from mice treated with R(+) propranolol and quantified the area using ImageJ. ResultsWe found that different patient-derived HemSC exhibit a robust and heterogenous adipogenic capacity when induced for adipogenic differentiation in vitro. Consistently across four IH patient-derived HemSC isolates, R(+) propranolol reduced ORO-stained areas and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) transcript levels in HemSC after 4 and 8 days of adipogenic induction. In contrast, R(+) propranolol had no significant inhibitory effect on transcript levels encoding adipogenic transcription factors. In a pre-clinical HemSC xenograft model, PLIN1-positive area was significantly reduced in xenograft sections from mice treated with R(+) propranolol, signifying reduced lipid accumulation. ConclusionsOur findings suggest a novel regulatory role for the R(+) enantiomer of propranolol in modulating lipid accumulation in HemSC. This highlights a novel role of R(+) propranolol in the involuting phase of IH and a strategy to reduce fibrofatty residua in IH. What is already known about this topic?O_LIPropranolol is the mainstay treatment for infantile hemangioma (IH), the most common tumor of infancy, but its use can be associated with concerning {beta}-blocker side effects. C_LIO_LIR(+) propranolol, the enantiomer largely devoid of {beta}-blocker activity, was recently shown to inhibit endothelial differentiation of hemangioma-derived stem cells (HemSC) in vitro and reduce blood vessel formation in a HemSC-derived xenograft murine model of IH. C_LI What does this study add?O_LIR(+) propranolol inhibits lipid accumulation in HemSC in vitro. C_LIO_LIR(+) propranolol does not affect mRNA transcript levels of key adipogenic transcription factors in differentiating HemSC in vitro. C_LIO_LIR(+) propranolol reduces lipid accumulation in a pre-clinical xenograft murine model of IH. C_LI What is the translational message?O_LIThe R(+) enantiomer of propranolol could be advantageous in terms of reduction in {beta}-adrenergic side effects and fibrofatty tissue formation in the involuting phase of IH. C_LIO_LILess fibrofatty residua might reduce the need for surgical resection. C_LIO_LIDisfigurement and associated psychosocial impacts might be improved in this young patient cohort. C_LI