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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2024.03.23.586415

Honoring the Afro-Colombian musical culture with the naming of Epipedobates sp. nov. (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a frog from the Pacific rainforests

Abstract

The number of amphibian species described yearly shows no signs of slowing down, especially in tropical regions, implying that the biodiversity of amphibians remains woefully underestimated. We describe a new species of poison frog from the Pacific lowlands of southwestern Colombia: Epipedobates currulao sp. nov., named for the Pacific music and dance genre known as bambuco viejo or currulao. This species inhabits lowland forests from 0-260 m a.s.l. This taxon differs from congeners by having a combination of bright yellow blotches in the dorsal anterior region of the thigh and upper arm, homogenous dark-brown dorsal coloration, and advertisement calls of long duration and many pulses. We also describe the courtship call of E. currulao, which is lower in frequency and shorter in duration than its advertisement call. Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of the populations sampled and its position as the sister species of Epipedobates narinensis, which occurs in southwestern Colombia. Among species of Epipedobates, the new species has been previously confused with E. boulengeri, but we find that the two species are allopatric and represent two divergent clades (1.77% divergent for 12S-16S and 5.39% for CYTB). These species can be distinguished by the presence of a bright yellow blotch on the dorsal anterior region of the thigh and on the upper arm of E. currulao, blotches that are either more white than yellow or absent in E. boulengeri. In addition, the advertisement calls are distinct, with E. currulao having a single but long call in each call series while E. boulengeri has 2-6 calls in a series with each call being much shorter in length. Epipedobates currulao is the most northern species of Epipedobates, which extends southwards along the western edge of the Andes. Known as the Choco, this biogeographic region has been largely converted to agriculture in Ecuador and is experiencing widespread transformation in Colombia, which may endanger E. currulao and biodiversity in the region. A Spanish translation of the main text is available in the Supplementary Materials. ResumenEl numero de especies de anfibios descritas cada ano continua aumentando, especialmente en las regiones tropicales, lo que implica que la biodiversidad de anfibios sigue siendo subestimada. Describimos una nueva especie de rana venenosa de las tierras bajas del Pacifico del suroccidente de Colombia: Epipedobates currulao sp. nov., nombrada asi por el genero de musica y danza del Pacifico conocido como bambuco viejo o currulao. Las ranas de esta especie habitan en bosques de tierras bajas desde el nivel del mar hasta los 260 m. Este taxon se diferencia de sus congeneres por tener una combinacion de manchas amarillas brillantes en la region dorsal anterior del muslo y los brazos, una coloracion dorsal homogenea marron oscuro y cantos de advertencia mas largos y en consecuencia con mayor numero de pulsos. Tambien describimos la llamada de cortejo de E. currulao, con menor frecuencia pico y duracion que la llamada de advertencia. Los analisis filogeneticos confirman la monofilia de la especie y su posicion como hermana de Epipedobates narinensis, la cual se distribuye en el suroccidente de Colombia. Entre las especies de Epipedobates, la nueva especie ha sido previamente asignada a E. boulengeri, pero las dos especies son alopatricas y representan dos clados filogeneticamente divergentes (1.77% divergentes para 12S-16S y 5.39% para CYTB). Estas especies se pueden distinguir fenotipicamente por la presencia de una mancha amarilla brillante en la region dorsal anterior del muslo y en la parte superior del brazo en E. currulao, que son mas blancas que amarillas o estan ausentes en E. boulengeri. Ademas, los cantos de advertencia son distintos, E. currulao tiene una unica y larga llamada en una serie de llamadas, mientras que E. boulengeri tiene de 2 a 6 llamadas por serie, siendo cada llamada mucho mas corta. Epipedobates currulao es la especie distribuida mas al norte del genero Epipedobates, el cual se extiende hacia el sur a lo largo del flanco occidental de la cordillera de los Andes. Esta region conocida como el Choco biogeografico, ha sido fuertemente transformada por agricultura en Ecuador y esta experimentando una transformacion generalizada de sus bosques en Colombia, lo cual pone en peligro a E. currulao y toda su biodiversidad en un futuro cercano. Una traduccion al espanol del texto principal esta disponible en el material suplementario.

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BibTeXRIS

Betancourth-Cundar, M., Rios-Orjuela, J. C., Crawford, A. J., Cannatella, D. C., Tarvin, R. D.. 2024-03-27. Honoring the Afro-Colombian musical culture with the naming of Epipedobates sp. nov. (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a frog from the Pacific rainforests. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.23.586415

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