3D Transcranial ultrasound localization microscopy reveals major arteries in the sheep brain

Abstract

ObjectiveStroke, a leading cause of mortality and disability globally, demands swift and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Although MRI and CT scans serve as conventional methods, their accessibility remains a challenge, prompting exploration into alternative, portable, and non-ionizing imaging solutions like ultrasound with reduced costs. While Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) displays potential in high-resolution vessel imaging, its 2D constraints limit its emergency utility. Materials and MethodsThis study delves into the feasibility of 3D ULM with multiplexed probe for transcranial vessel imaging in sheep brains, emulating human skull characteristics. Three sheep underwent 3D ULM imaging, compared with angiographic MRI, while skull characterization was conducted in vivo using ultrashort bone MRI sequences and ex vivo via micro CT. Results and conclusionsThe study showcased 3D ULMs ability to highlight vessels, down to the Circle of Willis, yet within a confined 3D field-of-view. Future enhancements in signal, aberration correction, and human trials hold promise for a portable, volumetric, transcranial ultrasound angiography system. Summary statement3D Ultrasound localization microscopy, using a low-frequency matrix probe, enables transcranial reconstruction of the main vessels in sheep brains.