Search bioRxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2024.02.14.580156

Dissecting the contribution of vagal subcircuits in sepsis-induced brain dysfunctions.

Bourhy, L.·Moigneu, C.·Dupin, A.·Hecquet, E.·Levy, J.·Sharshar, T.·Lledo, P.-M.·Lepousez, G.
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Sepsis, a life-threatening syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, induces a range of acute effects on the brain, including sickness behaviour and sepsis-associated encephalopathy. In addition, sepsis can lead to durable changes in neuronal circuits, resulting in long-term impairments such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These brain dysfunctions are not directly caused by brain infection but result from peripheral inflammatory signals relayed to the brain via neural and humoral pathways. The vagal complex in the brainstem, composed of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the area postrema, plays a crucial role in sensing and relaying these signals. Notably, the activation of the vagal complex triggers neurovegetative, neuroendocrine, and behavioural responses to infection. Chronic electrical vagus nerve stimulation has been used clinically to treat various brain disorders and is being investigated for its potential to alleviate inflammation and immune diseases through the anti-inflammatory reflex. However, a deeper understanding of the involvement of the vagus nerve and downstream brain circuits in sepsis-induced brain activation and dysfunction is needed to optimize therapeutic strategies. To investigate the role of the vagal complex in sepsis-induced brain dysfunction, various techniques were employed to manipulate vagus nerve activity and downstream circuits in a rodent model of sepsis by caecal ligation and puncture. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and pharmacogenetic manipulation of NTS and nodose (i.e. vagus sensory neurons) were implemented, revealing that vagotomy effectively reduced acute brain activation, inflammatory responses, and sickness behaviour triggered by sepsis. Additionally, transient activation of NTS neurons had a significant impact on inflammatory responses, sickness behaviour, and long-term PTSD-like consequences. This study underscores the complex interplay among the vagus nerve, brain circuits, and systemic inflammation during sepsis, emphasizing the critical importance of understanding these interactions in the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.

Explore related subjects

neurosciencePreprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Bourhy, L., Moigneu, C., Dupin, A., Hecquet, E., Levy, J., Sharshar, T., Lledo, P.-M., Lepousez, G.. 2024-02-14. Dissecting the contribution of vagal subcircuits in sepsis-induced brain dysfunctions.. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.14.580156

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

Same Movements, Different Skills: How Context Shapes Learning in Humans and Neural Networks

What determines whether experiences are integrated into shared representations or split? Motor skill learning offers a revealing test: when two tasks require an identical sequence of movements, both intuition and theory suggest that practice in one should generalize to the other. Yet we find that changing context can make identical movements different skills. In simple recurrent networks trained on the same sequence across contexts, splitting was greatest when strong contextual inputs coincided with a high initial weight scale; neither alone sufficed. Greater representational separation coincided with separate context-specific learning curves. Humans practicing the same finger sequence while alternating between two performance-irrelevant contexts likewise exhibited context-specific curves, rather than the single continuous trajectory observed when practicing in a single context. State-space modeling favored split learning states in humans and very weakly coupled states in the most context-dependent networks. These findings have broader implications for understanding how learning generalizes across contexts.

neuroscience↗
bioRxiv2026

Postpartum resource scarcity reshapes maternal care, offspring prioritization, and the steroid-sensitive medial preoptic area

Parental care requires balancing offspring needs with environmental constraints, yet how resource scarcity alters the organization of maternal responses remains poorly understood. Here, we examined maternal behavior, offspring prioritization, and steroid receptor-associated extracellular matrix organization in postpartum rats exposed to limited bedding and nesting (LBN) or control conditions with ample nesting materials. LBN increased pup-directed and reduced self-directed behaviors but also increased behavioral entropy, a measure of behavioral fragmentation, indicating less predictable caregiving sequences. LBN dams preferentially retrieved male pups first, whereas control dams preferentially retrieved females first. LBN also increased the proportion of pup-investigation time directed toward males compared with controls. In offspring on postnatal day 10, corticosterone was elevated in female but not male LBN pups, a pattern that paralleled the maternal male bias. To identify associated neurobiological changes, we assessed steroid receptors and extracellular matrix organization in the medial preoptic area (mPOA), a key region for maternal behavior. LBN increased numbers of estrogen receptor (ER)- and androgen receptor (AR)-immunoreactive cells, reduced perineuronal net (PNN) abundance, and decreased receptor-positive cell enwrapment. Because PNNs constrain structural plasticity, these findings suggest that the postpartum environment alters the organization of steroid receptor-associated extracellular matrix, potentially modulating experience-dependent plasticity in neurosteroid-sensitive circuits. In sum, LBN increases the levels of maternal engagement while reshaping its temporal organization and allocation, accompanied by selective remodeling of steroid-sensitive preoptic architecture. Therefore, maternal adaptation to adversity may be better understood as changes in caregiving allocation strategies rather than a simple gain or loss of maternal care.

neuroscience↗
bioRxiv2026

The Computational Grammar of Human Behaviour in a Biological Environment

Human behaviour unfolds as an extended stream of spontaneous actions shaped by environmental demands and the agent's goals. The organisation of these actions, situated between setting abstract goals and concrete movement execution, remains poorly characterised. Here, we introduce DynaClade, an unsupervised temporal action segmentation algorithm for human full-body motion capture data, and apply it to freely moving participants navigating ecologically realistic risky foraging environments in virtual reality. DynaClade identifies discrete actions whose kinematic characteristics and spatial distributions correspond to environmental affordances, supporting the validity of the approach. Among these actions, we discovered a hitherto undescribed movement pattern defined by increased body sway without locomotion. Action sequences were highly non-random and showed clear history dependence beyond first-order Markov structure, most of which was explained by a second-order prediction. This higher-order structure was well captured in a hidden Markov model, in which some of the observed actions were associated with more than one latent state. Each of these latent states corresponded to the same action in a distinct action context. These findings suggest that spontaneous human actions are predominantly selected based on the current action and context, rather than following pre-planned or habitually assembled sequences.

neuroscience↗