BATF controls IFN I production via DC-SCRIPT in plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Abstract

The basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF) plays a pivotal role in coordinating various aspects of lymphoid cell biology, yet essential functions in dendritic cells (DCs) have not been reported. Here we demonstrate that BATF deficiency leads to increased interferon (IFN) I production in Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), while BATF overexpression has an inhibitory effect. BATF-deficient mice exhibit elevated IFN I serum levels early in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Through ATAC-Seq analysis, BATF emerges as a pioneer transcription factor, regulating approximately one third of the known transcription factors in pDCs. Integrated transcriptomics and ChIP-Seq approaches identified the transcriptional regulator DC-SCRIPT as a direct target of BATF that suppresses IFN I promoter activity by interacting with the interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses further implicate BATF in pDC-mediated human diseases. Our findings establish a novel negative feedback axis in IFN I regulation in pDCs during anti-viral immune responses orchestrated by BATF and DC-SCRIPT, with broader implications for pDC and IFN I-mediated autoimmunity.