Search bioRxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2023.08.14.553316

Empagliflozin reduces neointimal formation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via the suppression of PDGF-related signaling

Chen, W.-J.·Chang, G.-J.·Hsu, Y.-J.·Chen, Y.-H.
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

ObjectiveEmerging evidence has documented the beneficial effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on reducing cardiovascular events. Beyond glucose regulation, the mechanisms behind their cardioprotective effects still remained unresolved. This study aims to investigate whether these benefits are mediated by their effects on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) functions. Approach and ResultsTreatment of non-diabetic rats with empagliflozin (a SGLT2 inhibitor) attenuated balloon injury-induced neointimal formation in carotid arteries. In vitro, treatment of rat VSMCs with empagliflozin reduced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation and migration. Moreover, empagliflozin-treated VSMCs did not undergo apoptosis and cytosis. Notably, treating VSMCs with empagliflozinsuppressed the activation of PDGF-related signaling, such as that related to the phosphorylation of PDGF receptor b (PDGF-Rb), Akt, and STAT3. Furthermore, overactivation of PDGF-related signaling attenuated the inhibitory effects of empagliflozin on VSMC proliferation and migration. The relevant in vitro findings were corroborated in the neointima of empagliflozin-treated rats. The fact that minimal SGLT2 was discovered in rat VSMCs and SGLT2 silencing did not alter the effect of empagliflozin supported the SGLT2-independent effect of empagliflozin on VSMC functions. ConclusionsThis study highlights the crucial role of PDGF-related signaling in mediating the beneficial effects of empagliflozin on VSMC functions and/or neointimal formation, which are independent of its effects on SGLT2 and glucose metabolism.

Explore related subjects

molecular biologyPreprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Chen, W.-J., Chang, G.-J., Hsu, Y.-J., Chen, Y.-H.. 2023-08-15. Empagliflozin reduces neointimal formation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via the suppression of PDGF-related signaling. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.14.553316

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

Trans-branching of polyubiquitin chains orchestrates the DNA replication stress response

Polyubiquitin chain geometry dictates functional consequences of ubiquitylation. Although branched polyubiquitin chains are abundant in cells, little is known about their functions. Here we show that branching on the DNA replication factor PCNA, mediated by the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2K and involving lysines 63 and 48 of ubiquitin, orchestrates the sequence of events in response to replication stress. By inducing VCP-dependent extraction of PCNA from chromatin, branching promotes re-priming of stalled forks and necessitates a BRCA1-dependent pathway of daughter-strand gap repair. Our study identifies hyper-accumulation of daughter-strand gaps as the mechanistic basis underlying the toxicity of inhibitors of the PCNA-specific isopeptidase, USP1, in BRCA1-deficient cells. Moreover, an unexpected preference of UBE2K to operate in trans suggests a general timing mechanism to organize hierarchies amongst ubiquitin signals.

molecular biology↗
bioRxiv2026

Impaired proteostasis is an early feature of the diabetic heart in humans and mice

Diabetes and obesity increase cardiac lipid levels leading to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. We hypothesized that intermittent fasting would reduce cardiac lipid levels. Surprisingly, intermittent fasting increased myocardial triglyceride content, but rescued mortality and attenuated cardiomyopathy in mice overexpressing cardiomyocyte acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (MHC-ACSL1). Lipid overload caused cardiomyocyte accumulation of polyubiquitinated protein aggregates containing desmin, a scaffolding intermediate filament protein, which intermittent fasting prevented. Furthermore, intermittent fasting reversed elevated myocardial C16:0 ceramide content, and knockdown of ceramide synthase CerS5 and CerS6 reduced palmitate-induced protein aggregation, highlighting a role for C16:0 ceramides in this pathology. Conversely, impairing aggrephagy with cardiomyocyte-specific p62 ablation induced heart failure in mice fed a high-fat diet, with paradoxically reduced cardiac lipid content. Crucially, non-failing diabetic human hearts also exhibited protein aggregate pathology. Taken together, these results demonstrate that impaired proteostasis characterizes cardiomyopathy from cardiac lipid overload and identify a promising new therapeutic target for this condition.

molecular biology↗
bioRxiv2026

Spatial profiling and neurovascular communication in the developing and adolescent cortex following prenatal alcohol exposure

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) constitute a wide range of developmental, cognitive, and behavioral impairments caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Although neuronal and vascular consequences of PAE have been studied, how alcohol affects the cerebrovasculature within the framework of the neurovascular unit (NVU) across development remains poorly understood. At minimum, the NVU comprises neurons, astrocyte endfeet, and endothelial cells (ECs), which coordinate to maintain brain homeostasis. Here, we used the NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling platform to characterize spatial transcriptomic data from neurons, astrocytes, and ECs from PAE and saccharin (SAC) control cortices at embryonic day 18 (E18) and postnatal day 28 (P28). Differentially expressed genes were then used for Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify altered biological pathways and perform comparison analyses across developmental time points, while CellChat was used to infer cell cell communication networks. We uncovered thousands of differentially expressed genes and numerous altered pathways and biological processes in PAE cortices across development. Both IPA and CellChat analyses implicated dysregulation of vascular and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, cell adhesion, and neuroinflammatory signaling. CellChat further predicted the loss of several key bidirectional relationships and altered ligand-receptor interactions among neurovascular cell types at E18 and P28. Overall, these findings identify PAE associated alterations in neurovascular gene expression and intercellular signaling across development, providing potential mechanisms by which PAE may disrupt neurodevelopment.

molecular biology↗