Skip to content

Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2023.02.02.526873

A complex three-dimensional microfluidic model that mimics the early stage events in the human atherosclerotic artery

Maringanti, R.·van Dijk, C. G. M.·Meijer, E. M.·Brandt, M. M.·Krebber, M. M.·Chrifi, I.·Duncker, D. J.·Verhaar, M. C.·Cheng, C.

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

BackgroundAtherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory vascular disease characterized by lipid and immune cells accumulation in the vessel wall, leading to lumen narrowing. Although several 3D in vitro microfluidic systems were previously described, a realistic reconstruction of the in vivo human atherosclerotic environment requires co-culture of different cell types arranged in atherosclerotic vessel-like structures with exposure to flow and circulating cells, creating challenges for disease modelling. In this study we developed a 3D tubular microfluidic model with quadruple coculture of human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSMCs), human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and foam cells to re-create a complex human atherosclerotic vessel in vitro to study the effect of flow and circulating immune cells. Methods & ResultsOur new co-culture protocol with BFP-labelled hAoSMCs, GFP-labelled HUVECs and THP-1 macrophages-derived, Dil-labelled Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (Dil-Ox-LDL) foam cells in a fibrinogen-collagen-I based 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) resulted in vessels with an early lesion morphology, showing a layered vessel-like composition with an endothelium and media, with foam cells accumulating in the sub-endothelial space. Perfusion for 24 hours of atherosclerotic and "healthy" vessels (BFP hAoSMCs and GFP HUVECs without foam cells) showed that the layered wall composition remained stable. Perfusion with circulating THP-1 monocytes demonstrated cell extravasation into the atherosclerotic vessel wall and recruitment of THP-1 cells to the foam cell core. QPCR analysis revealed increased expression of atherosclerosis markers in the atherosclerotic vessels and adaptation in VSMCs migration to flow and the plaque microenvironment, compared to control vessels. ConclusionWe present a 3D tubular microfluidic model of a complex early atherosclerotic human vessel that can be exposed to flow and circulating THP-1 monocytes to study hemodynamic changes and immune cell recruitment under live confocal imaging. This novel atherosclerosis-on-a-chip model offers a humanized platform for in-depth mechanistic in vitro studies and drug testing.

Explore related subjects

cell biology Preprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

Maringanti, R., van Dijk, C. G. M., Meijer, E. M., Brandt, M. M., Krebber, M. M., Chrifi, I., Duncker, D. J., Verhaar, M. C., Cheng, C.. 2023-02-07. A complex three-dimensional microfluidic model that mimics the early stage events in the human atherosclerotic artery. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.02.526873

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

Functional characterization of Rho GTPase activating proteins SYDE1 and SYDE2

The human genome encodes more than 60 proteins containing Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP) domains, many of which remain understudied with respect to their target specificity and biological roles. SYDE1 and SYDE2 are two such orphan RhoGAPs, for which there are few studies characterizing their biochemical and cellular functions and conflicting reports identifying their cognate GTPases. We previously identified SYDE1 and SYDE2 in a screen for substrates of the c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Here, we show that SYDE1 and SYDE2 are preferentially phosphorylated by JNK1 relative to other mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) at sites proximal to a kinase docking region. Purified SYDE1 and SYDE2 are shown to have significant catalytic GAP activity toward RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. However, neither up- nor down-regulation of SYDE1/2 expression leads to detectable changes in bulk GTP loading of any of these GTPases. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that SYDE1 and SYDE2, in a partially GAP-dependent manner, increase cell spreading and number of focal adhesions, and promote more directionally persistent migration in HEK293 cells. Together, these findings establish SYDE1 and SYDE2 as robust JNK substrates with catalytic activity toward a set of Rho GTPases and reveal basic functions of SYDE1 and SYDE2 in regulating cell morphology, adhesion, and migration.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2026

The filopodial scaffold polyphosphate dictates cell adhesion-versus-invasion decisions

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an ancient polymer conserved across all life, serving cell type and location specific functions in every major compartment. Yet its role at the plasma membrane, where it accumulates to peak levels in many primary cells, is largely unknown. Here we identify polyP as a stabilizing component of filopodia, actin based membrane protrusions that govern cell adhesion, contact inhibition, and chemotaxis. Elevating cellular polyP increases filopodial stability and enhances cell adhesion, whereas reducing polyP accelerates filopodial disassembly and promotes cell migration. Mechanistically, we find that polyP acts as a structural filopodial scaffold, recruiting and organizing IRSp53, a membrane curvature inducing protein. We show that metastatic fibroblasts and breast cancer organoids carry markedly reduced and intracellularly reorganized polyP levels relative to their non transformed counterparts. Restoring endogenous polyP via lipid nanoparticle delivery suppresses their invasive phenotypes and reverses prometastatic gene expression signatures, implicating polyP as a primordial tumor suppressor.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Mitochondrial transfer mediates metabolic communication between beta cells and islet macrophages

Pancreatic islet macrophages support islet homeostasis and adapt their metabolic program in response to environmental cues, including beta cell released factors. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer is a biological process that modulates cellular responses. To test whether beta cells, which are strongly secretory, transfer mitochondria to islet macrophages, we generated mice with beta cell-specific expression of mitochondrial GFP (PhAMfloxIns1Cre). We demonstrate that beta cells transfer mitochondria to islet macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Diabetogenic stressors did not alter the frequency of mitochondrial transfer and macrophages containing beta cell-derived GFP exhibit increased protein synthesis rates. RNA-seq identified upregulation of activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (Arc) in macrophages receiving beta cell-derived mitochondria, while disruption of actin cytoskeleton dynamics prevented mitochondrial transfer. Together, these findings identify mitochondrial transfer as a previously unrecognized mechanism of beta cell-macrophage communication that may contribute to islet homeostasis and immune regulation.

cell biology↗