Cortex-wide topography of 1/f-exponent in Parkinson's disease

Abstract

Parkinsons Disease causes progressive and debilitating changes to the brain as well as to the mind. While the diagnostic hallmark features are the characteristic movement-related symptoms, the disease also causes decline in sensory processing, cognitive, emotional performance and most patients develop dementia over time. The extent of symptoms and the brain-wide projections of neuromodulators such as dopamine suggest that many brain regions are simultaneously affected in Parkinsons disease. To characterise such disease-related and brain-wide changes in neuronal function, we performed a source level analysis of resting state magnetoencephalogram (MEG) from two groups: Parkinsons disease patients and healthy controls. Besides standard spectral analysis, we quantified the aperiodic component of the neural activity by fitting a power law ({kappa}/f {lambda}) to the MEG spectrum and then studied its relationship with age and UPDRS. Consistent with previous results, the most significant spectral changes were observed in the high theta/low alpha band (7-10 Hz) in all brain regions. Furthermore, analysis of the aperiodic part of the spectrum showed that, in all but frontal regions, {lambda} was significantly larger in Parkinsons disease patients than in control subjects. Our results indicate for the first time that Parkinsons disease is associated with significant changes in population activity across the whole neocortex. Surprisingly, even early sensory areas showed a significantly larger {lambda} in patients than in healthy controls. Moreover, {lambda} was not affected by the L-dopa medication. Finally, {lambda} was positively correlated with patient age but not with UPDRS-III (summary measure of motor symptoms clinical rating). Because {lambda} is closely associated excitationinhibition balance, our results propose new hypotheses about manifestation of Parkinsons disease in cortical networks.