DNA damage-induced lncRNA MEG9 impacts angiogenesis

Abstract

Endothelial cells are highly responsive to environmental changes that allow them to adapt to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli and switch their transcriptome accordingly to go back to vascular homeostasis. Our previous data demonstrated that small non-coding-RNAs respond quickly to genotoxic stressors and determined endothelial cell fate and DNA damage response. To further understand the contribution of non-coding-RNAs, we profiled differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs in response to genotoxic stress and compared them to pro-angiogenic growth factor signaling. We identified the Maternally expressed gene 9 (MEG9) as a cytoprotective lncRNA in the endothelium. Gain and Loss-of-function studies indicate that MEG9 prevents endothelial cells from cell death, suggesting that MEG9 responses to genotoxic stress can be an adaptive and protective mechanism. Consistent with this phenotype, the knockdown of MEG9 decreases growth factor-dependent angiogenesis in a 3D fibrin gel angiogenesis assay. Deletion of the MEG9 ortholog, Mirg, in mice results in increased vascular leak in Matrigel plugs and a sex and age-dependent decrease in platelets. Mechanistically, we observed that both MEG9 knockdown in vitro and Mirg-deleted mice in vivo activated common pathways, including apoptosis, clotting, and inflammation. Indeed, the proinflammatory adhesion molecule ICAM1 was significantly increased in human and mouse endothelial cells in a MEG9-dependent manner, supporting the increased vascular permeability observed on MEG9 deficient cells. Taken together, our findings illustrate how genotoxic stress responses through dynamic modulation of lncRNAs, such as MEG9, trigger adaptive mechanisms to maintain endothelial function, while loss of these molecules contributes to maladaptive responses and endothelial cell dysfunction.