Search bioRxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2022.10.26.513956

Higher habitual FODMAP intake is associated with lower body mass index, lower insulin resistance and higher short-chain fatty acid-producing microbiota in people with prediabetes

Chu, N. H.·He, J.·Ling, J.·Leung, K.·Ma, R. C.·Lee, J.·Varney, J.·Chan, J. C.·Muir, J.·Chow, E.
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Aims/hypothesisThe quantity and quality of FODMAPs can alter the relative abundance of gut microbiota with metabolic consequences although similar data are lacking in people with prediabetes. We investigated associations between habitual FODMAP contents, gut microbiota and glucose/insulin responses in subjects with prediabetes. MethodsIn this prospective cross-sectional study, ninety-eight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (mean age: 57{+/-}7 years, 43 % men) had assessment of body composition, 6-point oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and 3-day dietary intake. We analysed faecal samples in a sub-group of 20 subjects with IGT and 10 subjects with normal glucose tolerance by 16S rRNA microbiome analysis. ResultsObese subjects with IGT had the lowest daily FODMAP intake compared with their non-overweight and non-obese counterparts (5.7 (3.9-7.9) vs 7.1 (5.0-11.3) vs 9.9 (4.1-22.4) g/day, p=0.024) despite having similar total daily energy intake. Total content of FODMAPs was negatively correlated with body fat. After adjustment for age and gender, total FODMAPs were negatively associated with BMI and HOMA-IR. This remained significant after adjustment for macronutrients and physical activity (p=0.032 and p=0.036 respectively). FODMAP contents were strongly associated with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, such as Lactobacillus (p=0.011), Akkermansia muciniphila (p=0.012), and Bifidobacterium longum (p=0.010), the abundance of which were negatively correlated with 2-hr plasma glucose (r = -0.524, p =0.003). ConclusionIn individuals with IGT, higher habitual FODMAP intake was associated with lower body fat and insulin resistance and increased abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, calling for interventional studies to evaluate the effects of FODMAP intake in prediabetes.

Explore related subjects

microbiologyPreprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Chu, N. H., He, J., Ling, J., Leung, K., Ma, R. C., Lee, J., Varney, J., Chan, J. C., Muir, J., Chow, E.. 2022-10-27. Higher habitual FODMAP intake is associated with lower body mass index, lower insulin resistance and higher short-chain fatty acid-producing microbiota in people with prediabetes. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.26.513956

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

Polyphyletic origins and lineage-specific expansion of chemosensory systems in phylum Actinomycetota

Phylum Actinomycetota (syn. Actinobacteriota or Actinobacteria), one of the largest well-studied bacterial phyla, is renowned for complex morphology, non-motility, ecological versatility, and secondary metabolite production. Chemosensory systems (CSS) are among the most sophisticated prokaryotic signal transduction architectures, yet their evolutionary distribution in this phylum remains poorly understood. Here, a comparative genomic analysis of 693 high-quality genomes spanning the phylum resolves the diversity, distribution, and evolutionary trajectories of CSS. Despite extensive genomic complexity and ecological versatility, only 6.9% of genomes encode complete CSS clusters, confined to a subset of lineages within a few classes, indicating lineage-specific retention or loss. In contrast, two-component systems (TCS) are ubiquitously abundant, with hybrid kinases enriched in CSS-deficient classes, suggesting functional compensation for the absence of dedicated chemosensory pathways. Basal lineages retain simplified CSS (F1 or F5), whereas Actinomycetes show lineage-specific expansion into multiple classes (F5, F8, F9, and ACF), often co-occurring, indicative of enhanced sensory complexity. The phylogeny of CheA homologs shows a polyphyletic distribution, supporting a mosaic evolutionary history shaped by multiple independent acquisitions, diversification, and gene loss. Collectively, our findings show that, unlike motile bacteria, members of Actinomycetota rely predominantly on TCS-driven regulatory networks, with CSS retained only in select lineages where ecological demands require enhanced environmental sensing. This work provides a phylum-wide evolutionary framework for the emergence, diversification, and functional specialization of CSS in non-motile bacteria.

microbiology↗
bioRxiv2026

Integrating Microbial Ecology and Sustainability: Linking Agricultural Waste Gas Streams to Microbial Community Shifts in a Photobioreactor

Photobioreactors (PBRs) coupled to animal housing offer potential for mitigating gaseous emissions such as CO2 and NH3 while simultaneously producing biomass. Here, we present a time-resolved characterization of microbial community dynamics, with a focus on the genetic potential for carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Using a cone-shaped, helical PBR cultivating Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) and supplied with exhaust air from a chicken house, we characterized microbial communities over continuous exhaust-air exposure and periodic biomass harvesting. Microbiome and gene-centric profiling revealed temporal variation in community composition and in the representation of genes associated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Cycle-based dissolved inorganic nitrogen balances showed that the decrease in dissolved inorganic nitrogen was only partially recovered in harvested biomass, while ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms were associated with structured, low-light niches. These observations indicate ammonia-oxidizing potential but do not establish a quantitatively relevant nitrification flux. Structured carrier matrices provided attached-growth niches harboring microbial populations underrepresented in the circulating suspension, while pre-colonized carriers facilitated biomass development during re-inoculation. Overall, our results show that coupling PBRs to agricultural exhaust streams can support biomass production while sustaining spatially structured microbial communities with taxonomic and functional potential. These findings may inform their further development for emission mitigation and circular biomass production.

microbiology↗
bioRxiv2026

Engineered DNA materials shape microbial physiology and ecological selection

Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is both a structural component of microbial biofilms and a potential reservoir of genetic information, yet its role as an ecological material remains largely unexplored. Here we establish engineered extracellular materials as determinants of microbial physiology and community assembly across increasing biological complexity. A three-dimensional DNA hydrogel altered bacterial stress-associated responses, elicited species-dependent phenotypes and transcriptional changes in a defined consortium, and shaped community succession in wastewater-derived microbiomes. Distinct responses to surface-bound oligonucleotides reveal that DNA presentation matters beyond its mere presence. Strikingly, metagenomic sequencing identified rare, hydrogel-specific candidate junctions linking material-derived DNA to microbial genomic sequences, suggesting a previously unexplored interface between extracellular DNA materials and microbial genetic information. These findings reveal a dual role for engineered DNA: its material organization shapes microbial physiology and ecological selection, while its encoded sequences may engage with microbial genomic processes.

microbiology↗