Search bioRxiv⌕ Search

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2022.09.16.507381

Metabotropic glutamate group II receptor activation in the dorsal striatum suppresses the motivation for cocaine in rats

Abstract

After a history of intermittent cocaine intake, rats develop patterns of drug use characteristic of addiction. The dorsal striatum is involved in the increased pursuit of cocaine after intermittent drug self-administration experience. Within the dorsal striatum, chronic cocaine use changes metabotropic glutamate type II receptor (mGlu2/3) density and function. We examined the extent to which activity at these receptors mediates responding for cocaine after intermittent cocaine use. In Experiment 1, male Wistar rats (n = 11) self-administered 0.25 mg/kg/infusion cocaine during 10 daily intermittent access (IntA) sessions (5 min ON/25 min OFF, for 5 h/session). We then examined the effects of intra-dorsal striatum infusions of the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 (0, 1, and 3 g/hemisphere) on cocaine self-administration under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. We observed a non-significant tendency for LY379268 to reduce responding for cocaine. In Experiment 2, we used a larger sample of male (n = 11) and female (n = 10) rats. Across 10 IntA sessions, the sexes showed similar levels of cocaine intake. Across the sexes, locomotion significantly increased over sessions, suggesting that rats developed psychomotor sensitization to self-administered cocaine. After 10 IntA sessions, intra-dorsal striatum LY379268 significantly reduced breakpoints achieved for cocaine, active lever presses, and cocaine infusions earned under progressive ratio. LY379268 had no effects on locomotion or inactive lever presses, indicating no motor effects. These results suggest that mGlu2/3 receptor activation in the dorsal striatum suppresses incentive motivation for cocaine, and this holds promise for anti-addiction therapeutics.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Khoo, S. Y.-S., Samaha, A.-N.. 2022-09-17. Metabotropic glutamate group II receptor activation in the dorsal striatum suppresses the motivation for cocaine in rats. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.16.507381

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

Novel Tau Interaction Partners as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Alzheimers disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to cognitive decline and ultimately death. One of the main hallmarks of this disease is the accumulation of pathological tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles. To better understand these pathological mechanisms, it is essential to characterize the tau protein interactome in health and disease. In this study, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening using a human brain cDNA library, from which we identified 15 novel tau-interacting proteins that bind to full-length human tau, or its fragments: the N-terminus, microtubule-binding domain, or C-terminus. We subsequently validated these novel interactions using in vitro co-immunoprecipitation and colocalization assays with both physiological and pathological tau isoforms. Furthermore, their interactions with the human tau protein were analyzed using surface plasmon resonance. Finally, an in silico interactome analysis of these newly discovered tau-binding partners revealed several additional interactors that can link them to downstream processes critical to neurodegenerative pathways Our findings offer fresh insights into tau biology and highlight novel targets for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development.

neuroscience↗

Early visual cortex is not functionally necessary for temporal attention: A TMS study

Temporal attention enhances the selective processing of information at a specific point in time and improves perception. Previous neuroimaging studies investigating its neural mechanisms have either conflated temporal attention with temporal expectation or provided correlational evidence. Thus, whether early visual cortex is functionally necessary for temporal attention remains unknown. Here, we combined psychophysics with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine whether V1/V2 are functionally necessary and play a causal role in temporal attention. Observers performed an orientation-discrimination task in which two consecutive stimuli, T1 and T2, were presented in the periphery, preceded by a precue providing either valid or neutral temporal information. Double-pulse TMS was delivered under four conditions: at T1 (T1-TMS), at T2 (T2-TMS), at both T1 and T2 (both-TMS), or not at all (none-TMS), to assess its effects on temporal attention and the efficacy of the stimulation was verified by pupil size analysis. Behavioral results revealed robust temporal attention benefits on d', reaction time, and the Balanced Integration Score (BIS) across all four TMS conditions, indicating that the benefits of temporal attention were unaffected by occipital TMS. Furthermore, pupil dilation was largest in the both-TMS condition, followed by the T1-TMS and T2-TMS conditions, and smallest in the none-TMS condition, providing physiological verification of the stimulation protocol. Together, these findings reveal the first causal evidence that the early visual cortex is not functionally necessary for endogenous temporal attention.

neuroscience↗

Disentanglement of persistent and dynamic neural substrates of working memory

Competing theories of working memory have alternatively emphasized the importance of persistent and dynamic substrates of this cognitive function. Here, we directly tested these theories by computationally isolating the contributions of persistent and dynamic activity to working memory. We analyzed neuronal population activity recordings in macaques doing match/non-match working memory tasks. We first extracted signatures of persistent and dynamic activity through cue-specific temporal means, temporal principal components, and correlations of activity patterns across task epochs. We then generated synthetic data constrained by these signatures, and decoded cue stimuli from these data, separately from persistent and non-persistent neurons. We found that high decoding performance arose from a nuanced interplay of persistent and dynamic activity. Specifically, we could decode stimuli at empirical or above-chance levels across all tasks only from persistent neurons, but only after constraining correlations of activity patterns across epochs. In this way, we showed distinct roles for persistent and dynamic neuronal activity that help to unify two competing theories of working memory. More broadly, we also advanced computational controlled experiments as a principled framework for adjudicating between competing models of neuronal population activity.

neuroscience↗