TIR-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation reactions produce signaling molecules for plant immunity

Jia, A.; Huang, S.; Song, W.; Wang, J.; Meng, Y.; Sun, Y.; Xu, L.; Laessle, H.; Jirschitzka, J.; Hou, J.; Zhang, T.; Yu, W.; Hessler, G.; Li, E.; Ma, S.; Yu, D.; Gebauer, J.; Baumann, U.; Liu, X.; Han, Z.; Chang, J.; Parker, J. E.; Chai, J.

doi:10.1101/2022.05.02.490369

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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2022.05.02.490369

TIR-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation reactions produce signaling molecules for plant immunity

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Abstract

Plant pathogen-activated immune signaling by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors with an N-terminal Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain converges on Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) and its direct partners Phytoalexin Deficient 4 (PAD4) or Senescence-Associated Gene 101 (SAG101). TIR-encoded NADases produce signaling molecules to promote exclusive EDS1-PAD4 and EDS1-SAG101 interactions with helper NLR sub-classes. Here we show that TIR-containing proteins catalyze adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ADP ribose (ADPR) via ADPR polymerase-like and NADase activity, forming ADP-ribosylated ATP (ADPr-ATP) and ADPr-ADPR (di-ADPR), respectively. Specific binding of di-ADPR or ADPr-ATP allosterically promotes EDS1-SAG101 interaction with helper NLR N requirement gene 1A (NRG1A) in vitro and in planta. Our data reveal an enzymatic activity of TIRs that enables specific activation of the EDS1-SAG101-NRG1 immunity branch.

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Jia, A., Huang, S., Song, W., Wang, J., Meng, Y., Sun, Y., Xu, L., Laessle, H., Jirschitzka, J., Hou, J., Zhang, T., Yu, W., Hessler, G., Li, E., Ma, S., Yu, D., Gebauer, J., Baumann, U., Liu, X., Han, Z., Chang, J., Parker, J. E., Chai, J.. 2022-05-03. TIR-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation reactions produce signaling molecules for plant immunity. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.02.490369

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