A Four-Step Enzymatic Cascade for Efficient Production of L-Phenylglycine from Biobased L-Phenylalanine

Abstract

Enantiopure amino acids are of particular interest in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Here, we reported a multi-enzyme cascade for efficient production of L-phenylglycine (L-Phg) from biobased L-phenylalanine (L-Phe). We first attempted to engineer Escherichia coli for expressing L-amino acid deaminase (LAAD) from Proteus mirabilis, hydroxymandelate synthase (HmaS) from Amycolatopsis orientalis, (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase (SMDH) from Pseudomonas putida, the endogenous aminotransferase (AT) encoded by ilvE and L-glutamate dehydrogenase (GluDH) from E. coli. However, 10 mM L-Phe only afforded the synthesis of 7.21 {+/-} 0.15 mM L-Phg. The accumulation of benzoylformic acid suggested that the transamination step might be rate-limiting. We next used leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) from Bacillus cereus to bypass the use of L-glutamate as amine donor, and 40 mM L-Phe gave 39.97 {+/-} 3.84 mM (6.04 {+/-} 0.58 g/L) L-Phg, reaching 99.9% conversion. In summary, this work demonstrated a concise four-step enzymatic cascade for the L-Phg synthesis from biobased L-Phe, with a potential for future industrial applications. Graphical abstracta concise four-step enzymatic cascade for the L-phenylglycine synthesis from biobased L-phenylalanine was devised. 40 mM L-phenylalanine afforded the synthesis of 39.97 {+/-} 3.84 mM (6.04 {+/-} 0.58 g/L) L-phenylglycine, reaching 99.9% conversion. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=76 SRC="FIGDIR/small/476296v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (16K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4f4aa0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ac5bdeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c372a2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19afa7b_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG