Evaluation of odorant-binding protein-1 as a molecular marker for identifying biological forms and delimitating sibling species of Anopheles stephensi

Abstract

BackgroundAnopheles stephensi, an invasive malaria vector, has been reported to have three biological forms identifiable mainly based on the number of ridges present on the eggs floats. Recently, the first intron of the odorant-binding protein-1 (AsteObp1) has been introduced as a molecular marker for the identification of these forms, and based on this marker, the presence of three putative sibling species (designated as species A, B and C) has been proposed. However, there is no data on the association of proposed markers with biological form or putative species on field populations. MethodsField collected and laboratory-reared An. stephensi were characterized for biological forms based on the number of ridges on the egg s float. DNA sequencing of the partial AsteObp1 gene of An. stephensi individuals were performed by Sangers method, either directly or after cloning with a plasmid vector. Additionally, AsteObp1 sequences of various laboratory lines of An. stephensi were retrieved from a public sequence database. ResultsAsteObp1 intron-1 in Indian An. stephensi populations are highly polymorphic with the presence of more than 13 haplotypes exhibiting nucleotides as well as length-polymorphism (90-to-121 bp). No specific haplotype or a group of closely related haplotypes of intron-1 was found associated with any biological form identified morphologically. High heterozygosity for this marker with a low inbreeding coefficient in field and laboratory populations indicates that this marker is not suitable for the delimitation of putative sibling species, at least in Indian populations. ConclusionsAsteObp1 cannot serve as a marker for identifying biological forms of An. stephensi or putative sibling species in Indian populations.